First Exam Flashcards
(53 cards)
1
Q
Composite view
A
Pictorial device where part of a figure is frontal and part is in profile
2
Q
Ionic
A
West coast asia minor architecture
3
Q
Cairn
A
Artificial hill
4
Q
Zoomorphic
A
Being that has an animal form
5
Q
Contrapposto
A
Counterbalance
6
Q
Megalithic architecture
A
Large stone
7
Q
Mastaba
A
Bench; plain rectangular structure on top of an underground burial chamber
8
Q
Axial plan
A
Plan that’s organized longitudinally
9
Q
Coffer
A
Recessed panel in ceiling
10
Q
Pronaos
A
Porch
11
Q
Forum
A
Public square
12
Q
Cella
A
Inner chamber
13
Q
Classical
A
Relating to the ancient greek and roman world and especially to its literature, art, and ideals
14
Q
Hypostyle hall
A
Hall filled with columns
15
Q
Ground line
A
Base line to ground objects; device for organizing space
16
Q
Barrel vault
A
Vault forming half a cylinder
17
Q
Foreshortening
A
Creating the appearance that an object extends into space
18
Q
Hellenistic
A
Relating to greek history, language, culture from the death of alexander the great to the defeat of cleopatra and mark antony by octavian in 31 BC, flourishing greek culture spreading through the mediterranean and centering on alexandria in egypt
19
Q
Hieratic scale
A
Device used to indicate relative importance
20
Q
Doric
A
Style of mainland architecture
21
Q
Ka
A
Soul, life force
22
Q
Register/frieze
A
Pictorial device that arranges a composition into horizontal lines
23
Q
Pylon temple
A
Wide entrance gateway temple
24
Q
Canon
A
General rule or law
25
Necropolis
A cemetery, especially a large one belonging to an ancient city
26
Kouros
Youth, young nude male grave marker
27
Oculus
“Eye”, central opening, source of light
28
Post and intel
Type of construction based on 2 upright posts supporting a horizontal crosspiece
29
Ashlar masonry
Carefully cut blocks that are piled in successive rows
30
Verism
Super realist
31
Paleolithic, wall painting with horses, rhinoceros, and aurochs, chauvet cave
Chauvet cave: oldest known cave site, complex representations of animals, aurochs’ horns naturalistically and not in composite view, two rhinos show narrative
Theories: form of magic to influence hunting, assured survival of herds, teaching tools, hunting practice
32
Paleolithic, woman from willendorf
Does not represent a goddess, anatomical exaggeration associated with fertility, represents abundance both in the human and the natural world, no facial features, texture may represent hair or textile production
33
Neolithic, newgrange passage tomb with corbeling and engraved stones
Corbel vault: load bearing construction that uses offset courses of stone at the springline of the walls so that they project towards the archway’s center from the supporting sides until the courses meet at the top and can be spanned with a capstone
Newgrange: neolithic cathedral dedicated to the dead, stones decorated with abstract (likely entopic) designs, positioned at entrances and thresholds, played important part in death rituals
34
Sumerian, standard of ur (war and peace side)
Register, ground lines, hieratic scale, early example of historical narrative
War side: chariots/mules and soldiers conquering foes, priest king larger and in the middle, composite views, registers read left to right, bottom to top
Peace side: men carrying provisions/war spoils, banquet, victory celebration
35
Akkadian, victory stele of naram-sin
Naram sin leads his victorious army up the slopes of a wooded mountain, horned helmet signifies divinity, first time a king appears as a god in Mesopotamian art
Shows innovation in creating landscape and placing figures in successive tiers, first time an artist rejected the horizontal registers used to organize a narrative
36
Babylonian, stele of hammurabi
Depicts hammurabi in the presence of Shamash the sun god, shamash is in composite view with important exceptions, artist explored idea of foreshortening
37
Egyptian, early dynastic, palette of narmer
Oldest work of egyptian art (pre dynastic period), depicts unification of upper and lower egypt, first labeled work of art
Earliest historical artwork preserved blueprint for formula of figure representation uses registers and groundlines, hieratic scale, state policy that pharaoh is divine, commemorative not funerary
38
Egyptian, old kingdom, menkaure and a queen
Used as a substitute abode for the ka, double portrait of the ruler, relief sculpture and not free standing, flawless bodies, form suggests timeless nature designed to provide an eternal substitute for the ka
39
Egyptian, old kingdom, great pyramids
Represents sun rays, oriented to cardinal points, funerary temple positioned east, ashlar masonry
40
Egyptian, amarna period, colossal figure of akhenaten
Physical distortions, effeminate mishapen body, androgynous, represents akhenaten as the son of the genderless sun disk aten
41
Egyptian, new kingdom, the ruins of the great temple of amen-re at karnak
Built to honor the pharaoh, new kingdom temples expanded on the simpler, rectangular, flat roofed version with a courtyard surrounded by columns and a gateway, featured hypostyle hall, axial plan, permitted sunlight into interior
42
Greek, archaic, anavysos kouros
Archaic period statues adhere to egyptian prototypes, free standing sculpture, greeks interested in motion, no sense of anatomical accuracy
43
Greek, early classical, kritios boy
Early classical sculpture, portrays how human body actually stands, contrapposto, first statue to show weight shift
44
Greek, classical, spear bearer (doryphoros), polykleitos
Most copied greek statue of the high classical period, ideal statue, demonstrates polykleitos’s ideas recorded in his treatise the canon, uses a mathematical ratio to display underlying harmony, system of cross balance, dynamic asymmetrical balance, motion while at rest
45
Greek, classical, the parthenon
Represents culmination of search for ideal architectural proportions, uses a controlling numerical ratio, irregularities, stylobate curves upward, doric columns and outer doric frieze with ionic inner frieze, architectural contrapposto, represent greek population
46
Roman, imperial, augustus of primaporta
Depicts youthful, idealized head of state, traces lineage to the gods, modeled after classical greek statue doryphoros, represents augustus as a general, cuirass advertises return of roman military standards, cupid alludes to divine assent and venus
47
Roman, imperial, personification of tellus, panel from east façade of the ara pacis augustae
May represent mother earth and fruits of pax augusta, depicts earth’s bounty and many species living peacefully together
48
Roman, imperial, procession, detail of a relief on the south side of the ara pacis augustae
Inspired by panathenaic frieze, emulates classical models, depicts children realistically, represents declining birthrate of nobles, served as moral example and furthered social/political agendas
49
Roman, imperial, flavian amphitheater (colosseum)
Roman symbol, takes its name from colossus of nero, built using concrete and barrels vaulted corridors, used for public spectacles, greek orders frame the façade based on their proportions (tuscan, ionic, corinthian),becomes standard sequence for multi storied buildings
50
Roman, imperial, forum of trajan
Differed from earlier forums by including a huge basilica as the focus dominated one side of the open square, temple was set behind the basilica at the rear of the forum
51
Roman, imperial, pantheon
Reveals full potential of concrete, design based on the intersection of two circles representing the orb of the earth and the vault of the heavens, concrete composition of dome built level by level (lighter towards top), coffers lessened dome weight
52
Roman, imperial, equestrian statue of marcus aurelius
Larger than life gilded bronze, proportions of aurelius and horse, thought to represent constantine, first to appear saddened and worried, shows emotional side of ruling worldwide empire
53
Roman, imperial, head of an elderly patrician
Followed tradition of ancestor portraits of wood kept in cupboards to celebrate and honor patricians’ lineage, brutally realistic images (veristic), heavily exaggerated features of face to make statement about personality and traits most desired by republic (experience, determination, loyalty)
