First Responder- Professional Resonder Flashcards

(242 cards)

1
Q

Abandonent

A

Ending care of a patient without that patients consent or without ensuring that someone with equal or greater training will continue that care

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2
Q

Confidentiality

A

Protecting a patients privacy by not revealing any personal info you learn about the patient except to law enforcement personnel or more advanced medical care

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3
Q

Consent

A

Permission to provide care given by a patient to a responder

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4
Q

Critical incident stress management

A

Techniques or interventions designed to help an individual cope with psychological stress

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5
Q

Duty to act

A

A legal responsibility of some individuals to provide a reasonable standard of emergency care may be required by case law statute or job description

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6
Q

Emergency medical responder

A

Responders who has successfully completed a recognized training program in the care and transportation of a patient

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7
Q

Emergency medical services

A

A network of community resources and medical personnel that provides emergency care to patients who are injured or suddenly ill

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8
Q

First responder

A

A person trained in emergency care who may be called on to provide such care as a routine part of his job often the first train professional to respond to emergencies

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9
Q

Good Samaritan laws

A

Laws that protect people who willingly give emergency care while acting in good faith without Negligence and with the scope of their training

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10
Q

Interpersonal communication

A

The process of speaking and listening to other people at an emergency scene can be verbal or nonverbal

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11
Q

Medical control

A

The process that allows a position to direct care given to a patient by prehospital professionals

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12
Q

Medical terminology

A

Terms used to describe medically related concepts such as parts of the body locations of those parts or medical conditions uses common language to clarify meaning including parts of words such as prefixes and suffixes that have their own meaning for example Endo meaning within or cardio meaning pertaining to the heart

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13
Q

Negligence

A

The failure to provide the level of care a person of similar training would provide thereby causing injury or damage to another

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14
Q

Refusal of care

A

The declining of care by a competent patient

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15
Q

Standard of care

A

The minimal standards and quality of care expected of an emergency care provider

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16
Q

List six signs and symptoms of critical incident stress

A
Confusion 
lowered attention span
 poor concentration 
denial 
guilt 
depression 
anger 
change and interactions with others 
increased or decreased eating 
unusual behaviour
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17
Q

Emergency move

A

Moving a patient before completing care done only in certain necessary circumstances

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18
Q

Hazardous materials

A

Substances that are harmful or toxic to the body can be liquid solid or gas

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19
Q

List three situations in which you might park in the road way to block traffic

A

To protect a patient
to protect any responders
to warn oncoming traffic

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20
Q

List the five key elements a responder should pay attention to when approaching an emergency scene

A
Location of Emergency 
extent of Emergency 
Aparent dangers
 aparent number of patients
 behaviour of patients 
bystanders at the scene
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21
Q

Fire scene percausions

A

Check the doors before opening them stay close to the floor avoid using elevators

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22
Q

Crime scene precautions

A

Ensure the scene is safe avoid touching anything unless it hinders care document everything

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23
Q

Traffice scene

A

DPut up reflectors flares or lights well back from the scene for visibility

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24
Q

Hazardous material scene

A

Look for play cards on transportation vehicles clue such as spilled substances we can containers or usual odors

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25
Multiple patient injured scene
Get directions from the incident commander triage appropriately
26
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids)
A condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
27
Airborne transmission
The transmission of a disease by inhaling infected droplets of become airborne when infected person coughs or sneezes
28
Bacteria
One celled microorganisms that may cause infections
29
Blood-borne pathogen’s
Bacteria and viruses present in human blood and body fluids that can cause diseases in humans
30
Community associated MRSA
Methicillin resistant That occurs in groups of people who have not recently been hospitalized or have not recently had a medical procedure
31
Direct contact transmission
The transmission of a disease by touching it an infected person’s body fluids
32
Hepatitis
A viral infection of the liver
33
Herpes
A viral infection that causes irruption’s of the skin and mucous membranes
34
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
The virus that destroys the body’s ability to fight infection the resultant state is referred to as aids
35
Immune system
The bodies group of responses for fighting disease
36
Immunization
A specific substance containing weekend or killed pathogens that introduced into the body to build resistance to specific infection
37
Indirect contact transmission
The transmission of a disease by touching a contaminated objects
38
Infection
A condition caused by Disease producing micro organisms also called pathogens or germs in the body
39
Infectious disease
Disease capable of being transmitted from people objects animals or insects
40
Influenza
Respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses and transmitted from person to person via large virus droplets from coughing or sneezing
41
Meningitis
And inflammation of the brain or spinal cord caused by a viral or bacterial infection
42
Pathogen
I disease causing agent also called a micro organism or germ
43
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
A viral respiratory illness
44
Tuberculosis
A respiratory disease caused by a bacterium
45
Vectorborne transmission
The transmission of a disease by an animal or insect bite through exposure to blood or other body fluids
46
Virus
A disease causing agents or pathogen that requires another organism to live and reproduce
47
Four conditions that must be present for an infection to be transmitted to someone
Pathogen present Enough of the pathogen Person is susceptible Route of entry
48
List five precautions you can take to prevent disease transmission
Ppe Personal hygiene Engineering and work practice controls Equipment cleaning and disinfecting
49
Explsure control plan | 3 elements
Exposure determination Identification of who will receive training, Protective equipment, and vaccination Procedures for evaluating details of an exposure incodent
50
Body systems
A group of organs and other structures working together to carry out specific functions
51
Cell
The basic unit of all living tissue
52
Circulatory system
A group of organs and other structures that carry oxygen rich blood and other nutrients throughout the body and remove waste
53
Digestive system
A group of organs and other structures that digest food and eliminate wastes
54
Endocrine system
A group of organs and other structures that regulate and coordinate the activities of the other systems by producing chemicals that influence the activity of tissues
55
Genitourinary system
A group of organs and other structures that eliminate waste and enable reproduction
56
Integumentary system
A group organs and other structures that protect the body retain fluids and help prevent infection
57
Musculoskeletal system
``` A group of tissues and other structures that support the body protect internal organs allow movement store minerals manufacture blood cells create heat ```
58
Nervous system
A group of organs and other structures that regulate all body functions
59
Organ
A collection of similar tissues acting together to perform specific body functions
60
Respiratory system
A group of organs and other structures that bring air into the body and remove wastes through a process called breathing or respiration
61
Tissue
A collection of similar cells acting together to perform specific body functions
62
Vital organs
Organs whose functions ar essential to life including brain heart and lungs
63
Respiratory
Airway lungs Supplies the body with oxygen through breathing
64
Musculoskeletal
Bones muscles joints ligaments tendons Provides structure to body protects internal organs allows movement produce heat manufactures blood components
65
Nervous
Brain spinal cord nerves Regulates the body transmits messages to and from the brain
66
Digestive
Mouth esophagus stomach intestines Breaks down food and eliminates waste
67
Integumentary
Skin hair nails Helps prevent infection assists with temperature regulation assists in production of vitamins
68
Cranial body cavity
Houses brain
69
Spinal cavity
Houses spinal cord
70
Thoracic cavity
Houses Heart lungs
71
Abdominal cavity
Houses liver pancreas intestines stomach kidneys spleen
72
Pelvic cavity
Houses bladder rectum reproductive organs
73
Proximal
Towards head
74
Distal
Towards the feet
75
Pulmonary artery
Right big tube on top of heart
76
Aorta
Big tube on top of heart middle one
77
Inferior vena cava
Left big blue vein goes into femurs
78
Anaphylaxis affects which body systems
Respiratory
79
Which 1 body systems dies epinephrine affect
Nervous system
80
The epiglottis prevents liquids and solids from entering
Esophagus
81
Where do arteries carry blood
From heart to the rest if the body
82
Main function of integumentary system
Protection
83
Anterior
Front
84
Posterior
Back
85
3 parts of the secondary survey
Interviews Vital signs Head to toe
86
7 pieces of info you must tell dispatch for further help
``` Location Phone Number Name What happened Number of patients Condition of patients Care being given ```
87
Five conditions you would need to obtain more advanced medical care to transport patient
``` Unconscious or decreased level of consciousness difficulty breathing no breathing No pulse or signs of circulation severe breathing persistent pain or pressure and chest or abdomen vomiting or passing blood suspected poisoning head and neck injuries broken bones ```
88
Assessment process
``` Scene survey Primary survey->circulation check Oxygen administration Rapid body survey Transport decision Secondary survey Secondary transport decision Ongoing survey ```
89
APGAR
``` Activity Pulse Grimace Appearance Respiration ```
90
AEIOU | TIPS
Why am I a patient have altered level of consciousness ``` Alcohol Epilepsy Insulin Overdose Uremia ``` Trauma Infection Psychiatric/poison Stroke (cardiovascular)
91
``` CLAPS TICS DCAP BLS DOTS ```
During secondary survey ``` Contusions Lacerations Abrasions Puncture/penetrations Swelling/subcutaneous emphysema ``` Tenderness Instability Crepitus Swelling/subcutaneous emphysema Deformities Contusions Abrasions Puncture/penetrations Burns Lacerations Swelling Deformities Open wounds Tenderness Swelling
92
Two types of air obstruction
Mechanical | anatomical
93
Acute pulmonary Edema
Fluid buildup in the lungs
94
Aspiration
Taking blood vomit saliva or other foreign material into the lungs
95
Bronchitis
Disease causing excessive mucus secretions and inflammatory changes to the bronchi
96
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD
A disease characterized by a loss of lung function
97
Cyanosis
A Blueish colouration of the skin and mucous membranes due to the presence of the auction needed blood in the vessels near the skin surface
98
Emphysema
A disease in which the alveoli lose their elasticity becomes distended with trapped air and stop working Carbon dioxide/oxygen exchange is not effective
99
Pneumonia
A group of illness characterized by lung infection and fluid or pus filled alveoli resulting in an adequate oxygen in the blood
100
Pulmonary embolism
Advocate of a pulmonary artery by a clot or other foreign material
101
Signs and symptoms of breathing emergency
Unusual breathing gasping wheezing noisy breathing skin is moist skin is flushed skin is pale skin is asked or blueish shortness of breath restlessness and anxiety dizziness or lightheadedness chest pain tingling in hands and feet use of accessory muscles to breathe tripod positioning
102
When is it appropriate to stop rescue breathing
The patient begins to breathe you need to start CPR another train responder takes over advanced medical care is now in place you arw too exhausted to continue the scene becomes unsafe
103
0-3 minutes w/o breathing
Breathing stops Hear will soon stop beating Clinical death
104
4-6mins w/o breathing
Brain damage possible
105
6-10mins w/o breathing
Brain damage likely
106
10+ minutes w/o breathing
Irreversible Brain damage certain biological death
107
Hypoxia
A decrease in oxygen in the blood
108
Safety precaution yes that should be followed when administering oxygen
Do not operate around an open flame or spark or in close proximity to an AED do not stand oxygen cylinder operate unless secured do not use grease oil or petroleum products to lubricate the regulator
109
Angina
Chest pain or pressure resulting when the heart needs more oxygen rich blood then it’s getting pain or pressure usually last less than 10 minutes
110
Cardiovascular disease
A disease of the heart and blood vessels commonly known as heart disease
111
Cholesterol
A fatty substance made by the body and found in certain foods
112
Congestive heart failure CHF
A condition in which the heart loses its pumping ability causing fluid buildup in the body results in heart failure
113
Coronary arteries
Blood vessels that support the heart muscle with oxygen rich blood
114
Dysrhythmia
A disturbance in the conduction of electrical impulses within the heart
115
Myocardial infarction
A sudden illness involving the death of heart muscle tissue when it does not receive enough oxygen rich blood a.k.a. heart attack
116
Nitroglycerine
A medication often prescribed to people diagnosed with angina
117
Stroke
A disruption of blood flow to the part of the brain that causes permanent damage also called a cerebrovascular accident
118
Transient ischemic attack
A temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain sometimes called a mini stroke or TIA
119
Three test you can perform if stroke is suspected
Smile have them speak have them raise arms
120
Asystole
The absence of electrical activity in the heart
121
Ventricle fibrillation
A life-threatening dysrhythmia in which the heart muscle quivers rather than pumping blood
122
Ventricle tachycardia
A life-threatening dysrhythmia in which the heart muscle contracts to quickly to adequately pump blood to the body
123
``` Adult CPR hand position compression breathing cycle compression rate ```
``` 2 hands At least 2inches Until chest starts to rise usually 1s 30 compressions 2 breathes At least 100 per min (with no breaths) ```
124
Child cpr ``` hand position compression breathing cycle compression rate ```
``` One or 2 hands At least 2inch or 1/3-1/2 of chest Until chest starts to rise usually 1s 15 compressions 2 breathes At least 100 per min (no breaths) ```
125
Baby ``` hand position compression breathing cycle compression rate ```
``` 2 fingers At least 1.5inch Slowly until chest starts to rise~1s 15 compressions 2 breathes At least 100 ```
126
What does ventricular fibrillation look like on a ECG
And fast crazy lines
127
What does ventricular tachycardia look like on an ECG
Big mountains and a lot of them no small squiggly lines
128
What does asystole look like on an ECG
Flatline
129
Arteries
Large vessels that carry oxygen rich blood from the heart to all the parts of the body
130
Capillaries
Tiny blood vessel’s in linking arteries and veins that transfer oxygen and other nutrients from the blood to our body cells and remove waste products
131
Hemorrhage
loss of large amount of blood in a short time
132
Veins
Blood vessels carry oxygen-poor blood from all parts of the body to the heart
133
List the components of blood
Plasma white blood cells red blood cells platelets
134
List the three major functions of blood
Transporting oxygen nutrients and waste protecting against disease helping to maintain constant body temperature
135
List the signs and symptoms of severe internal bleeding
Discolouration of the skin soft tissues that are tender swollen or for anxiety or restlessness rapid and weak pulse rapid breathing cool or moist skin pale or blueish skin nausea vomiting excessive thirst decreased level of consciousness drop in blood pressure
136
List five Things you can do to care for shock
Assess in care for ABCs care for specific conditions help the patient rest comfortably help maintain normal body temp provide ongoing survey and care control external bleeding administer oxygen avoid giving the patient anything to eat or drink obtain more advanced medical care
137
Neurogenic shock
Failure of the nervous system to control the size of blood vessels causing them to dilate
138
Septic shock
Poisoning caused by severe infections that cause blood vessels to dilate
139
Cardiogenic shock
Failure of the heart to affectively pump blood to all parts of the body
140
Hypovolaemic shock
Severe lack of blood and fluid in the body dehydration
141
Respiratory shock
Failure of the lungs to transfer sufficient oxygen to into bloodstream
142
List at least six symptoms of shock
Restlessness irritability pale skin cool skin my skin rapid breathing wrap it and weak pulse changes in level of consciousness nausea changes in blood pressure
143
What are the four main types of open wounds
Abrasion laceration avulsions punctures
144
What percentage of the adult body burned is the: ``` head Each arm Trunk Groin Each leg ```
``` Head 9 Each arm 9 Trunk 18 Groin 1 Each leg 18 ```
145
What percentage of the child body burned is the: head Each arm Trunk Each leg
Head 18 Each arm 9 Trunk 18 Each leg 14
146
What are four things you can do to an amputated limb to increase chances of success with reattachment
Wrap the hand in sterile gauze place to hand in a plastic bag keep the ham cool send the hand with the person to the hospital
147
Shock is life-threatening because
Vital organs are not getting adequate oxygen rich blood
148
Mycardial contusion
A bruise to the heart
149
Bone
Dence hard tissue that forms the Skelton
150
Distal circulation
Blood flow below the site of an injury
151
Ligament
A fibre his band that holds bones together at the joint
152
Osteoporosis
A disease characterized by low bone mass and bone tissue deterioration
153
Skeletal muscles
Muscles that attached to bones
154
Sprain
The excessive stretching and tearing of ligaments and other soft tissue structures at the joint
155
Strain
The excessive stretching and tearing of muscles and tendons
156
Tendon
A fibrous band that attaches muscle to bone
157
Traction
A pulling force applied to a body part to care for specific Muscuskeletal injuries
158
Five common signs and symptoms of musculoskeletal injuries
``` Pain swelling deformity discolouration of the skin in ability to use the affected part normally ```
159
List five common signs and symptoms indicating a serious muscoskeletal injury
Significant deformity’s moderate or severe swelling and discolouration in ability to move or use effective body part bone fragments protruding from the wound patient feels bones grading or felt or heard a snap or pop at the time of injury loss of circulation or feeling in an extremity cause of the injury suggest it may be severe patient feels affected joints giving away
160
For general care steps for Musculoskeletal injuries
Rest immobilize cold elevate
161
What are the four general types of splints
Soft rigid anatomical traction
162
Spinal column
The series of vertebrae extending from the base of the skull to the tip of the tail bone
163
Spinal cord
A bundle of nerves extending from the base of the skull to the lower back protected by the spinal column
164
Vertebrae
The 33 bones of the spinal column
165
Name the 12 steps in order for immobilizing someone on a long backwards
``` Manual in-line stabilization apply cervical collar logroll the patient on her side check the back for injury position the backboard behind the patient logroll the patient onto the board ensure the patient is in the correct position on the board secure the chest to the board secure the hips to the board secure the sides to the board secure the legs to the board mobilize the head to the board ``` note May apply collar after patient is on board but strapping shouldn’t be done until colour is applied
166
List eight signs and symptoms that indicate someone may have head or spinal injury
Changes in level of consciousness severe pain or pressure in the head neck or back swelling tingling or loss of sensation in extremities partial or complete loss of movement of anybody part unusual bomb so depressions on the head neck or back blood or other bodily fluids draining from ears nose mouth or open wounds profuse external bleeding of the head neck or back irregular breathing open wounds to scalp seizures set an impaired breathing or vision but usually are illegal people size nausea or vomiting persistent headache loss of balance incontinence specific Changes in blood pressure and pulse raccoon eyes battle signs
167
List the five spinal regions
Cervical thoracic lumbar sacrum coccyx
168
Abdominal aortic aneurism
A rupturing of the abdominal aorta
169
Flail chest
An injury involving fractured ribs that do not move normally with the rest of the chest during breathing
170
Haemothorax
A condition in which blood enters the plural space as a result of a blunt or penetrating trauma
171
Occlusive dressing
Addressing or bandage that seals a win and protects it from the air
172
Pneumothorax
A condition in which air enters the plural space usually as a result of a blender penetrating trauma
173
Sucking chest Wound
A type of penetrating chest injury in which a sucking sound is heard with each breath a person takes due to air freely passing in and out of the chest cavity
174
Tension pneumothorax
The continual flow of air into the plural space which cannot escape
175
Signs and symptoms of chest injuries
Blueish skin flushed skin pain at the injury site that increases with deep breathing or movement coughing up blood difficulty breathing obvious deformity
176
Abdominal and or pelvic injuries Signs and symptoms
Tenderness in the abdomen thirst protruding organs nausea and vomiting weakness bruising
177
Gastroenteritis
A condition often resulting from an infection of the Gastrointestinal tract
178
Peptic ulcer
Small erosion in the gastrointestinal tract caused by the destruction of gastric or intestinal lining by HYdro chloric acid
179
Peritonitis
And inflammation of the peritoneum
180
Status epilepticus
An epileptic seizure that lasted longer than five minutes without any sort of slowing down
181
Six situations in which more medical advanced care should be obtained when dealing with a seizure
Seizure last more than five minutes patient has repeated seizures patient appears to be injured you were uncertain about the cause of the seizure patient is pregnant patient is known to have diabetes patient is a baby or a child Cesar takes place in water patient feels to regain consciousness after the seizure
182
Absorbed poison
A poison that enters the body through the skin or mucous membranes
183
Depressants
Substances that affect the central nervous system to slow physical and mental activity
184
Designer drug
A potent an illegal street drug formed from a Medicinal substance Who is chemical composure and has been modified
185
Hallucinogens
Substances that affect mood sensation that emotion and self awareness alter perceptions of time and space and produce delusions
186
Narcotics
Powerful depressant substances used to relieve anxiety and pain
187
Stimulants
Substances that affect the central nervous system to speed up physical and mental activity
188
Frostbite
A serious condition in which body tissues freeze most commonly in the fingers toes and ears and nose
189
Heat exhaustion
A form of shock often resulting from strenuous work or exercise in a hot environment
190
Heat stroke
A life-threatening condition that develops with the bodies cooling mechanisms are overwhelmed and body systems begin to fail
191
Hypothermia
A life-threatening condition in which the body is warming mechanisms failed to maintain normal body temperature in the entire body cools
192
Normal body temperature
37°C
193
Temperature of heat cramps
Usually 37°C
194
Temperature of heat exhaustion
37°C to 38°C
195
Heat stroke temperature
Up to 41°C
196
Mild hypothermia temperature
36°C
197
Moderate hypothermia temperature
30 to 34°C
198
Severe hypo thermae a temperature
Below 30°C
199
Heat stroke signs and symptoms
High body temperature red hot dry skin progressive loss of consciousness rapid weak pulse rapid shallow breathing
200
Heat exhaustion signs and symptoms
Normal or slightly raised body temperature cool moist pale skin headache nausea dizziness and weakness exhaustion
201
Heat cramp signs and symptoms
Normal body temperature severe muscle contractions usually in the legs and abdomen moist skin
202
What are the five basic guidelines to follow when assessing the child
Observe the child before touching him communicate clearly with the parent or guardian and child remain calm keep the child with loved ones if possible gain trust through your actions
203
Six stages of grief
``` Bargaining anxiety acceptance denial guilt anger ```
204
Difference between children and adults muscoskeletal system
Children more flexible and softer bones Adults weeker bones and joints
205
Difference in children and adults integumentary system
Children have thinner skin Adults have thinner and more fragile skin
206
Difference and children and adults respiratory system
Children have reduced airway size smaller trachea faster respiratory rate nose breathers abDominal muscles used to breath
207
Difference and children and adults nervous system
Children have thinner softer brain tissue Adult brain tissue shrinks decreased memory pain perception and balance altered mental status and depression common slow reaction time
208
Abruptio Placente
A partial or complete detachment I’m normally in planted plus Centre at more than 20 weeks gestation
209
Placenta previa
A condition in which the placenta is attached in the lower uterus
210
Four stages of labour
Preparation delivery of the baby delivery of the placenta stabilization
211
What are the two priorities of care for a newborn baby
Ensuring babies areas open and clear and keeping baby warm
212
Body mechanics
Using the body to gain mechanical advantage in the safest and most efficient way
213
What does choking mean in reaching and moving patients
Placing items such as wood blocks against the wheels of a vehicle to help stabilize the vehicle
214
What are the five basic principles of body mechanics used to reduce the risk of injury
Use your legs to lift not your back keep the other close to you keep your body aligned reduce the height or distance you need to move and object keep your back rist and knees in normal alignment
215
What are the three general situations in which you may need to move someone before providing care
Immediate danger gaining access to other patients providing proper care
216
What are the five points to consider before deciding if you can move someone quickly and safely
Dangerous conditions at the scene size of the patient for physical ability whether others can help you the patient’s condition
217
START system
A simple system used at the scene of multiple casualty incident to quickly session prior ties care according to three conditions breathing circulation in level of consciousness
218
Primary responsibilities
Ensure your own safety Ensure safety for any bystanders Gain access to the patient Determine any threats to patiens life Request more advanced medical care as needed Provide the necessary care for the patient Assist more advanced medical personnel
219
Preceptorship
The relation between and experienced responder and a new responder
220
4 reasons for documentation
Medical Legal Administrative Research
221
Preparing for the emergency response
``` Equipment Plan of action Communications Training Psychological preparation ```
222
Acetylsalicylic acid drug profile
Review
223
Nitroglycerin drug profile
Review
224
Nitrous oxide drug profile
Review
225
Narcan drug profile
Review
226
Salbutamol drug profile
Review
227
Atrovent drug provide
Review
228
Medial vs lateral
Medial is towards midline of body Lateral is away from midline of body
229
``` Where are Liver Galbladder Stomach Apendix ```
Liver and gallbladder and apendix right side Pancreas spleen Stomach left side
230
What does epiglottis look like
Opening and closing to throat
231
Where is larnyx
Throat
232
Atria
Top part of hear
233
Ventricles
Bottom part of heart
234
Hypoxia
Lack of oxygen
235
Abrasion
Skin scraped away “road rash”
236
Laceration
Cut
237
Avulsion
A portion of the skin and other soft tissue was partially or completely torn away
238
Puncture
Skin is pierced with a pointed object
239
Types of seizures
Generalized Absence Febrile Status Epilepticus
240
Four phases of generalized seizures
aura phase Tonic phase Clonic phase PostictAl phase
241
Glucagon drug profile
Review
242
Glucose drug profile
Review