first semester exam - sop. Flashcards
(129 cards)
1
Q
In the second industrial revolution, what led the way to new industrial frontiers?
A
steel, chemicals, electricity, and petroleum
2
Q
According to Karl Marx, the _______ or middle, upper class was the oppressors of the working class
A
bourgeoisie
3
Q
By 1914, what had been outlawed in most of Europe and in the U.S.?
A
Trade unions
4
Q
Although they made up only 5%of the population in the early 1900s, which class controlled 30 to 40% of the wealth?
A
The New Elite
5
Q
Who founded the Female association for the Care of the Poor and the Sick in Hamburg, Germany?
A
Amalie Sieveking
6
Q
Who was Kaiser William’s cousin?
A
Czar Nicholas II
7
Q
The alliance between Great Britain, Russia, and France was known as what?
A
The Triple Entente
8
Q
What was Functionalism the idea of?
A
buildings, like the products of machines, should be useful and lack unnecessary ornamentation
9
Q
Who was the father of Zionism?
A
Theoror Hertzl
10
Q
_____ were Marxists who rejected the revolutionary approach in favor of a more political approach
A
Revisionists
11
Q
What is the principle of ministerial responsibility the idea of?
A
the prime minister is responsible to the popularly elected legislative body and not to the executive officer
12
Q
Whose discovery of radium changed the world’s view of the atom?
A
Marie Curie
13
Q
According to Sigmund Freud, human behavior was_____
A
strongly determined by repressed experiences
14
Q
who sent the first radio waves across the atlantic?
A
Guglielmo Marconi
15
Q
provided a new sense of power in transportation (automobiles)
A
internal combustion engine
16
Q
Marxists who rejected the revolutionary approach in favor of the ballot box
A
revisionists
17
Q
made up nearly 80% of the European population in the early 1900s
A
working class
18
Q
founded the women’s social and political Union
A
Emmeline Pankhurst
19
Q
idea that the prime minister is responsible to the legislative body and not to the executive officer
A
ministerial responsibility
20
Q
made up of Germany, Austria Hungary, and Italy
A
The Triple Alliance
21
Q
the father of psychoanalysis
A
Sigmund Freud
22
Q
impressionist painter who sought to capture the interplay of light, water, and sky
A
Claude Monet
23
Q
Written by karl marx and Friedrich Engels
A
The Communist Manifesto
24
Q
Marxist term for the “working class”
A
proletariat
25
German nursing pioneer
Amalie Sieveking
26
weak Russian legislative assembly created by Nicholas II
Duma
27
Made up of Great Britain, France, and Russia
Triple Entente
28
German who developed the theory of relativity
Albert Einstein
29
applied to human society in a radical way by nationalists and racists
social Darwinism
30
created the style of painting called cubism
Pablo picasso
31
who established the colony of Singapore?
Sir Stanford Raffles
32
If a colony was run by ____, local elites were removed from power and replaced with a new set of officials from the mother country
direct rule
33
the only free states remaining in Africa by 1914 were____
Liberia and Ethiopia
34
Lord Macaulay designed a new school system in India to do what?
to train Indian Children to serve in the colonial government and army
35
____ set up a nonviolent movement with the aim to force the British to aid the poor and grant independence to India
Mohandes ghandi
36
In the latin american colonial system, who're the mestizos?
the largest group; worked as servants and laborers
37
____ joined Jose de San Martin's forces to complete the liberation of Peru
Simon Bolivar
38
what happened to latin American society as a result of the prosperity that came from increased exports?
growth in middle sectors of Latin American society
39
what was the "white man's burden"?
the belief that Europeans had a moral responsibility to civilize primitive peoples
40
____ led a movement for independence in the Philippines
Emilio Aguinaldo
41
Who seized power in Egypt in 1805 and established a separate Egyptian state?
Muhammed Ali
42
the Boers were descendants of whom?
the original dutch settlers of Cape Town and the surrounding areas
43
In 1857, a growing indian distrust of the British led to what?
the First war of Independence which the British called the Sepoy Mutiny
44
What was the goal of the Indian national Congress
a share in the governing process of India
45
The conservative elites in Mexico chose ___ to lead a revolt against Spanish rule
Simon Bolivar
46
____ overthrew Porfirio Diaz to gain control of Mexico
Francisco Madero
47
the oral responsibility of Europeans to civilize primitive peoples
"white man's burden"
48
leader of a movement for independence in the Philippines
Emilio Aguinaldo
49
Ottoman officer who seized power in Egypt and established a separate Egyptian state
Muhammed Ali
50
talented ruler who carved out an empire for the Zulu people
Shaka
51
Indian revolt known to the British as the Sepoy Mutiny
First war of Independence
52
Group that called for a share in the governing process of India
Indian national Congress
53
led the revolt in the French colony of Saint Domingue
Francois-Dominique Toussaint Louverture
54
hailed as one of the "liberators of south America"
Jose de San Martin
55
brought liberal reforms to Mexico, including land distribution to the poor
Benito Juarez
56
Promoted Western learning in Thailand
King Mongkut
57
allowed local rulers to maintain positions of authority in the new colonial setting
indirect rule
58
spent 30 years exploring uncharted lands of Africa
David Livingstone
59
guaranteed the independence of the new latin American nations and warned against any European intervention
Monroe Doctrine
60
ruled by military force, supported by the landed elites
caudillos
61
led the Mexican revolution, seizing wealthy estates
Emiliano Zapata
62
what happened to Britain as a result of the Treaty of Nanjing
Britain was given the island of Hong kong, among other concessions
63
Hong Xiuquan, leader of the Tai Ping Rebellion viewed himself as what?
A younger brother of Jesus Christ
64
____ proposed the Open Door Policy for China
John Hay
65
The slogan of the ____ was "destroy the foreigner"
the boxers
66
____ agreed to serve as president of a new Chinese Republic after the collapse of the Qing Dynasty
General Yuan Shigai
67
what happened to japan under the reign of the young emperor, Mutsuhito?
they underwent a political transformation known as the Meiji Restoration
68
what was the result of Japan's victory in the war with Russia?
a stunned world was forced to recognize Japan as one of the great powers
69
the policy of ___ called for China to adopt Western technology while retaining their Confucian values and institutions
"self strengthening'
70
who imprisoned Guang Xu and ended all his reform efforts?
Ci Xi
71
the daimyo governed ____ after the Meiji government seized their lands
prefectures
72
In an attempt to adjust the trade imbalance with China, Britain began doing what?
shipping opium grown in India directly to China
73
____ launched a reform known as the One Hundred Days of Reform
Guang Xu
74
who founded the Revive China society and, later, the Nationalist Party?
Sun Yat Sen
75
____ is considered to be the last emperor of China
Henry Pu Yi
76
Who was one of China's foremost writers at the turn of the century?
Ba Jin
77
_____ referred to the practice of Europeans living by their own laws while on Chinese soil
extraterritoriality
78
A commission under _____ traveled to Great Britain, France, Germany, and the U.S. to study their governments
Ito Hirobumi
79
China's "last emperor"
Henry Pu Yi
80
His fleet pressured the Japanese into opening trade relations with the U.S.
Commodore Matthew Perry
81
Conflict resulting from China's attempt to blockade Guangzhou to keep out British traders
first Opium War
82
caused by the failure of Chinese government to deal with pressing internal economic problems
Tai Ping Rebellion
83
launched the One Hundred Days of Reform
Guang Xu
84
Young radical who formed the Revive China Society
Sun Yat Sen
85
Japanese capital after the Meiji restoration
Edo
86
Practice of Europeans being governed by their own laws while living on Chinese soil
extraterritoriality
87
areas where the European states had exclusive trading rights in China
spheres of influence
88
ended the first Opium War
Treaty of Nanjing
89
Christian convert who viewed himself as a younger brother of Jesus Christ
Hong Xiuquan
90
Proclaimed that China should have an Open Door Policy
John Hay
91
Popular name given to the members of the Society of Harmonious Fists
boxers
92
agreed to serve as president of a new Chinese republic after the collapse of the Qing Dynasty
General Yuan Shigai
93
"Enlightened Rule"
Meiji
94
Japan surprise attacked this naval base
Port Arthur
95
to adopt western technology but retain Confucian values
self strengthening
96
opposed the emperor's reforms and imprisoned him
Ci Xi
97
governed by the daimyo after the Meiji restoration
prefectures
98
what was the name of the group that conspired to assassinate Archduke Francis Ferdinand
The black hand
99
in 1914____ was considered an act of war
mobilization of a nation's army
100
The Western Front was characterized by what?
trench warfare
101
Austria Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire became known as what?
The Central Powers
102
____ were councils composed of representatives from the workers and soldiers
soviets
103
what did the red secret police, known as the Cheka begin?
a Red Terror campaign to destroy all those who opposed the new regime
104
the treaty signed with Germany that many Germans felt was a harsh peace
Treaty of Versailles
105
France's approach to peace was guided in large part by what?
the desire for national security
106
WWI was a ___, meaning that it involved a complete mobilization of resources and people
total war
107
the aggressive preparation for war
militarism
108
The German advance toward Paris was halted at ____
the Battle of Marne
109
what caused the U.S. to join the Allies in fighting WWI
the Germans' use of unrestricted submarine warfare
110
Under the leadership of ____, The Bolsheviks became a party dedicated to violent revolution
V.I. Lenin
111
In an attempt to end Russia's involvement in the war, lenin signed what treaty?
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
112
____ became the spokesperson for a new world order based on democracy and international cooperation
Woodrow Wilson
113
After the war, Britain ruled Iraq and Palestine as ____
mandates on behalf of the League of Nations, but did not own the territory
114
which country switched sides during WWI?
Italy
115
Which member of "the big three" wanted to ensure a "just and lasting peace" ?
Russia
116
Russia's hope for victory in WWI quickly ended, following the Battle of ____
Tannenberg
117
This battle forced the Germans to keep its surface fleet in port for the remainder of the war
Battle of Jutland
118
Prior to the advent of Communism, liberals in Germany and Russia were members of the ______ party.
Social Democratic
119
as prescribed by the post WWI League of Nations, which of the following areas were British mandate states?
Palestine (Israel) and Iraq
120
German general who altered the Von Schlieffen plan
Von Moltke
121
assassinated Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife sophia
Gavrilo princip
122
the spread of ideas to influence public opinion for or against a cause
propaganda
123
Great Britain, France, Italy, and Russia
Allied Powers
124
systems directed by government agencies in order to mobilize resources for the war effort
planned economies
125
urged princes in the Middle east to revolt against their Ottoman overlords
Lawrence of Arabia
126
New name for the Bolsheviks after they seized power
Communists
127
general who guided German military operations
Erich Von Ludendorff
128
declared that Germany and Austria were responsible for starting World War I
War Guilt Clause
129
a nation officially governed by another nation on behalf of the league of nations
mandate
