Fish

Question 1

Diseases

Answer 1

mycobacteriosis
microsporidiosis
velvet disease (oodiniun)
saprolegnia (fish fungus)
bacterial finrot
nematodes
tumour (non-infectious)

Question 2

Mycobacteriosis

Answer 2

Fish tuberculosis
lethargy
anorexia
skin inflammation and ulceration
fin loss
oedema/dropsy
peritonitis
granulomatous nodules (internal organs muscle)

zoonotic

Question 3

Microsporidiosis

Answer 3

emaciation
lethargy
spinal deformities
dorsal darkening

poor standards of water quality and husbandry

Question 4

Velvet disease

Answer 4

oodiniun - parasite that attaches to skin and gills of fish

dusty covering on the skin

discomfort
lethargy
increased respiration

Question 5

Saprolegnia

Answer 5

Fish fungus

fluffy white patches on skin - usually when skin is damaged (injuries, rough netting and handling, parasitic infections, superficial burns)

doesn’t normally attack healthy living tissue

Question 6

Bacterial finrot

Answer 6

Aeromonas bacteria from poor water quality

ammonia and nitrite damage skin and fins, allow bacteria to invade cells

red streaks on fins and decay on fin membranes

Question 7

Nematodes

Answer 7

P. tomentosa

parasitic worm
chronic wasting

Question 8

Tumours

Answer 8

especially obvious in males

mainly abdomen and skin

Question 9

Schedule 1

Answer 9

anaesthetic overdose

concussion of brain by striking the cranium

Question 10

Tricaine

Answer 10

MS222

4.2 ml / 100 ml aquarium water

supervise for 20 minutes

Question 11

Confirmation of death

Answer 11

permanent cessation of circulation
destruction of the brain
rigor mortis

Question 12

Temperatures - wild

Answer 12

6 - 38 C

Question 13

pH - wild

Answer 13

6 - 8.5

Question 14

Temperature- in aquarium

Answer 14

24 - 30 C

Question 15

Light/dark schedule

Answer 15

14 hour light
10 hour dark

lights 8am - 10pm

Question 16

Carbon filter

Answer 16

activated carbon

removes chlorine and chloramines

Question 17

UV steriliser

Answer 17

bulbs to wavelength to kill bacteria and pathogen DNA and kill

Question 18

Pressurised sand filter

Answer 18

inert silica sand to capture detritus

Question 19

Fluidised sand filter

Answer 19

coral sand to act as buffer to keep water ~7.5 pH

Question 20

Biological filter

Answer 20

nitromonas = ammonia –> nitrite

nitrobacter = nitrite –> nitrate

Question 21

Water tests

Answer 21

chlorine (carbon filter)
oxygen levels
pH (7.5)
ammonia, nitrite (biological filter)
water hardness
temperature

Question 22

Food - aquarium

Answer 22

paramecia
rotifers
artemia
dry and flake pellet

Question 23

Stocking density

Answer 23

0.24 L per fish

Question 24

Breeding - embryos

Answer 24

28 C

independent feeding 5.2 days

Question 25

Breeding - maturity

Answer 25

2-4 months

benthic spawners

Question 26

Signs of pain

Answer 26

• struggling and moving away
• rubbing the affected parts against solid objects
• reduced movement and feeding
• posture changes
• secretion accumulation around eyes, mouth, gills

Question 27

Signs of distress

Answer 27

• altered behavior and abnormal positions
• hiding or avoiding other fish
• increased gill or fin movements
• frantic swimming or jumping out of the water
• loss off weight
• color changes
• stereotypic behavior

Question 28

Deep sedation

Answer 28

• cessation of voluntary swimming

- loss of response to stimuli

Question 29

Deep narcosis

Answer 29

• decreased muscle tone
• equilibrium loss
• appropriate level for fin and gill biopsies

Question 30

Surgical anaesthesia

Answer 30

• slow respiration and heart rate

- total loss of activity to stimuli