Fish Prac

Question 1

Scale types

Answer 1

Placoid
Cycloid
Ganoid
Ctenoid

Question 2

Bull shark

Answer 2

Carcharhinus leucas

Question 3

Sawfish

Answer 3

Pristus microdon

Question 4

Lung fish

Answer 4

Protopteris annectus brieni
Filamentous pectoral and pelvic fins
Lungs
Aestivate during dry season

Question 5

Coelacanth

Answer 5

Latimeria chalumnae
 Paired lobe fins.
 Hinged joint in the skull
 Notochord - backbone
 thick scales common only to extinct fish
 Electro-sensory rostral organ in its snout - to detect prey.

Question 6

Snout fishes

Answer 6

Mormyridae
• Snout extended into a proboscis
• Electricity discharge for communication and hunting
• Electric discharge – species identification

Question 7

Eels

Answer 7

Anguillidae
Longfin eel - Anguilla mossambicus
• Elongate and sinuous
• No pelvic fins
• dorsal and anal fin joined
• Minute scales
• Diadromous life style

Question 8

Cyprinidae

Answer 8

Red barb: Barbus fasciolatus
Largest family in SA
Barbs, yellow fish, labeos

Question 9

Characins

Answer 9

Piscivorous
Prominent jaw and teeth
Pike, imberi, tiger fish

Question 10

Tiger fish

Answer 10

Hydrocynus vittatus

Question 11

Imberi

Answer 11

Brycinus imberi

Question 12

African pike genus

Answer 12

Hepsetus

Question 13

Catfishes characteristics

Answer 13

Large adipose fin
3-4 pairs of barbels around mouth
No scales
Sharp dorsal fin

Question 14

Rock catfishes

Barnard`s rock catfish

Answer 14

Austroglanididae
Austroglanis barnardi
Threatened

Question 15

Catfish threats

Answer 15

Threats:
• Introduced predators – basses
-Habitat modification
• Stream channeling
• Water extraction 
• Sedimentation

Question 16

Mountain catfishes

Answer 16

Catlets

Question 17

Butter catfish

Answer 17

Shilbeidae
Unusual body form – depressed head, large mouth, short deep abdomen and compressed, tapered body with long anal fin
* sharp dorsal and pectoral spines with chemical irritant

Question 18

Air breathing catfish

Answer 18

Clariidae

Question 19

Electric catfishes

Answer 19

Malapteruridae

Can generate 400 volts for defense and predation

Question 20

Killifishes

Answer 20

• Habitat – temporary pools in savanna
• Brightly colored
• Eggs can withstand desiccation
• Model species for age research
* threatened – habitat destruction and insecticide spraying

Question 21

Vertebrate with shortest lifespan

Answer 21

Nothobranchius furzeri

Killifish

Question 22

Cichlids

Answer 22

• One of the largest and most widely distributed freshwater fish families
• Over 70% of known cichlids are found in Africa (> 900 species).
• 8 genera and 42 species in southern Africa
• Important food fishes
• Attractive aquarium species

Question 23

Mozambique tilapia

Answer 23

Oreochromis mossambicus
• Tolerant to wide temperature and salinity ranges
• live and breed in both fresh and seawater
• Opportunistic and versatile feeding behaviour
• High fecundity and fast growth rate
• Ability to utilize a wide range of habitats for spawning and nursery purposes

Question 24

Labyrinth fish

Answer 24

Well developed breathing organ (Labyrinth)
Found in temperature and oxygen harsh areas
Terrestrial movements in search of suitable habitat

Question 25

Many spined climbing perch

Answer 25

``` Labyrinth fish (Anabantidae) Ctenopoma multispine ```

Question 26

Conservation concerns

Answer 26

* Habitat alteration * Erosion and sedimentation * Excessive abstraction of water for irrigation purposes * Pollution * Invasive fish and plants e.g. basses, trout, water hyacinth and Kariba weed.

Question 27

Water hyacinth

Answer 27

Eichhornia crassipes Blocks waterways, impeding both navigation and drainage. High rates of evapotranspiration Displacement of indigenous flora and fauna by habitat modification. Provides suitable breeding sites for vectors of human and animal diseases

Question 28

Introduce species

Answer 28

``` Basses Carps Chinese carps Trout Mosquito fish ```

Question 29

Basses (large mouth)

Answer 29

Micropterus salmoides

Question 30

Trouts (rainbow)

Answer 30

Salmonidae | Oncorhynchus mykiss

Question 31

Common carp

Answer 31

Cyprinus carpio | Destructive feeding habits

Question 32

Mosquito fish

Answer 32

Gambia affinis

Question 33

Types of fins

Answer 33

Diphycercal Heterocercal Homocercal