Fitness

Question 1

Collects in the walls of blood vessels, causing the blockages of atherosclerosis

Answer 1

LDL (bad) cholesterol

Question 2

Friendly scavenger cruises the bloodstream. Removes harmful bad cholesterol from where it doesn’t belong.

Answer 2

High Density Lipoprotein, HDL

Question 3

A type of lipid found in your blood, your body converts and calories it doesn’t need right away into these. Stored in fat cells

Answer 3

Triglycerides

Question 4

isshort­lasting,high­intensityactivity,whereyourbody’sdemand
foroxygenexceedstheoxygensupplyavailable. reliesonenergy sourcesthatarestoredinthemuscles

Answer 4

Anaerobic exercise

Question 5

providescardiovascularconditioning. means”withoxygen,”whichmeansthatbreathingcontrolstheamountofoxygenthat canmakeittothemusclestohelpthemburnfuelandmove.

Answer 5

Aerobic exercise

Question 6

Exerciseperformedusingaspecializedapparatusthatprovides
variableresistancetoamovement,sothatnomatterhowmucheffortisexerted,the movementtakesplaceataconstantspeed.

Answer 6

Isokinetic exercise

Question 7

atypeofstrengthtraininginwhichthejointangle

andmusclelengthdonotchangeduringcontraction

Answer 7

Isometric exercise

Question 8

whenacontractingmuscleshortensagainstaconstantload,as
whenliftingaweight

Answer 8

Isotonic exercise

Question 9

The wasting or loss of muscle tissue

Answer 9

Muscle atrophy

Question 10

involvesanincreaseinsizeofskeletalmusclethroughagrowth
insizeofitscomponentcells.

Answer 10

Muscle hypertrophy

Question 11

atypeofchronicmentalillnessinwhichyou
can’tstopthinkingaboutaflawinyourappearance—aflawthatiseitherminoror
imagined.Buttoyou,yourappearanceseemssoshamefulthatyoudon’twanttobe
seenbyanyone.

Answer 11

Body dysmorphic disorder

Question 12

self­starvationoriginatingfromafearofbecomingoverweight.

Answer 12

Anorexia nervosa

Question 13

bingeingonfoodandthenpurgingitasawaytocontrolbodyweight.

Answer 13

Bulimia nervosa

Question 14

aseriouseatingdisorderinwhich

youfrequentlyconsumeunusuallylargeamountsoffoodandfeelunabletostopeating.

Answer 14

Excessive eating disorder

Question 15

theabsenceofmenstruation—oneormore
missedmenstrualperiods.Womenwhohavemissedatleastthreemenstrualperiodsin
arowhave this

Answer 15

Amenorrhea

Question 16

includes,bone,organs,muscle,andothertissue.

Answer 16

Body composition

Question 17

aperson’sweightinkilogramsdividedbythesquareof

heightinmeters.A high ___ can be an indication of high body fatness.

Answer 17

Body mass index (BMI)

Question 18

measurestheresistanceofbody
tissuestotheflowofasmall,harmlesselectricalsignal. Currentflowsmoreeasily
throughthepartsofthebodythatarecomposedmostlyofwater(blood,urineand
muscle)thanitdoesthroughbone,fatorair. measuresthe
strengthandspeedoftheelectricalsignalsentthroughthebody. Itthenusesthismeasurementandinformationsuchasheight,weightandgenderto
predicthowmuchbodyfatapersonhas.

Answer 18

Bioelectrical impedance

Question 19

wherebyapinchofskinispreciselymeasuredbycalipersat
severalstandardizedpointsonthebodytodeterminethesubcutaneousfatlayer
thickness.

Answer 19

Skinfold caliper test

Question 20

Thismethodweighsapersonunderwaterandthencalculatestheleanbodymass
(muscle)andbodyfat.

Answer 20

Hydrostatic weighing

Question 21

Relatingtothecirculatorysystem,whichcomprisestheheart
andbloodvesselsandcarriesnutrientsandoxygentothetissuesofthebodyand
removescarbondioxideandotherwastesfromthem.

Answer 21

Cardiovascular system

Question 22

opposestheagonistmuscleduringan
exercise.Forexample,duringtheliftingphaseofabicepscurl,thetricepsmuscles
lengthenasthebicepscontract,makingthebicepstheagonistandthetricepsthe
antagonist.

Answer 22

Antagonist muscle

Question 23

referstothemusclethatisprimarilyresponsiblefora
specificjointmotion,orthemusclethatisdirectlyinvolvedinacontraction.Forexample,
duringtheliftingphaseofabicepscurl,the____arethebicepmuscles.

Answer 23

Agonist muscle

Question 24

fatiguefasterbutareusedinpowerful

burstsofmovementslikesprinting.

Answer 24

Fast twitch muscle fiber

Question 25

help enable long­endurance feats such as distance running. 

Answer 25

Slow twitch muscle fiber

Question 26

A process of progressive thickening and hardening of the walls of  medium­sized and large arteries as a result of fat deposits on their inner lining. Risk  factors include high levels of "bad" cholesterol, high blood pressure  (hypertension), smoking, diabetes and a genetic family history of atherosclerotic disease. 

Answer 26

Atherosclerosis

Question 27

The bottom number indicates the pressure in the arteries  when the heart rests between beats. A normal ____ number is less  than 80. A ____ between 80 and 89 indicates prehypertension. A  ____ number of 90 or higher is considered to be hypertension or high  blood pressure. 

Answer 27

Diastolic blood pressure

Question 28

When your heart beats, it contracts and pushes blood through  the arteries to the rest of the body. This force creates pressure on the arteries

Answer 28

Systolic blood pressure

Question 29

or high blood pressure is a common condition in which the long­term  force of the blood against your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause  health problems, such as heart disease. 

Answer 29

Hypertension

Question 30

any one of various substances found in certain foods (such as bread,  rice, and potatoes) that provide your body with heat and energy and are made of carbon,  hydrogen, and oxygen. 

Answer 30

Carbohydrate

Question 31

a group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols,  fat­soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E, and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides,  triglycerides, phospholipids, and others. 

Answer 31

Lipids

Question 32

fat molecules that  | have no double bonds between carbon molecules because they are saturated with  hydrogen molecules

Answer 32

Saturated fat

Question 33

typically  | liquid at room temperature but start to turn solid when chilled. Olive oil contains these

Answer 33

Monounsaturated fats

Question 34

mainly in vegetable  oils such as corn, safflower, sunflower and soybean oils. It's usually liquid at room  temperature. It is also found in seeds and fish. Better for your arteries and heart. 

Answer 34

Polyunsaturated fats

Question 35

created in an industrial  process that adds hydrogen to liquid vegetable oils to make them more solid. Primary dietary source in processed food is partially hydrogenated oils

Answer 35

Trans-fatty acids

Question 36

Building blocks of life. Every cell contains or. Basic structure is a chain of amino acids. Need in your diet to help repair class and make new ones.

Answer 36

Protein

Question 37

or roughage is the indigestible portion of food derived from plants. It has  two main components: Soluble fiber, which dissolves in water, is readily fermented in the  colon into gases and physiologically active byproducts, and can be prebiotic and  viscous. 

Answer 37

Dietary fiber

Question 38

approximately the amount of energy needed to raise the  temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. It can also be considered a  measure of the energy in the food we eat, or the amount of energy we expend while  living, moving, and exercising, etc. 

Answer 38

Calorie (kilocalorie)

Question 39

 the process by which your body converts what you eat and drink into  energy. During this complex biochemical process, calories in food and beverages are  combined with oxygen to release the energy your body needs to function. 

Answer 39

Metabolism

Question 40

the amount of energy (calories) your body burns while you are  resting. 

Answer 40

Based metabolism

Question 41

components in foods that an organism uses to survive and grow. Macronutrients provide the bulk energy an organism's metabolic system needs to  function while micronutrients provide the necessary cofactors for metabolism to be  carried out. 

Answer 41

Nutrients

Question 42

substances that your body needs to grow and develop normally. There are 13 vitamins your body needs. They are: B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin,  niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B­6, vitamin B­12 and folate)Vitamin A, Vitamin  D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, and C. 

Answer 42

Vitamins

Question 43

your body needs in larger amounts. They include calcium,  | phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride.

Answer 43

Macro minerals

Question 44

Needs just small amounts. These include iron, copper, iodine, zinc, fluoride, and selenium. 

Answer 44

Micro minerals

Question 45

causes bones to become weak and brittle. Bone is living  tissue that is constantly being broken down and replaced. ______ occurs when the  creation of new bone doesn't keep up with the removal of old bone. 

Answer 45

Osteoporosis

Question 46

among the brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters, which function  to transmit electrical signals within the nervous system. Stress and pain are the two most  common factors leading to the release of ____. _____ interact with the opiate  receptors in the brain to reduce our perception of pain and act similarly to drugs such as  morphine and codeine. 

Answer 46

Endorphins

Question 47

a person who does not eat meat, and sometimes other animal products,  especially for moral, religious, or health reasons. 

Answer 47

Vegetarian

Question 48

a person who does not eat or use animal products 

Answer 48

Vegan

Question 49

a person that gets little or no physical activity. 

Answer 49

Sedentary

Question 50

the condition of having an abnormally low body temperature, typically one  that is dangerously low. 

Answer 50

Hypothermia

Question 51

the condition of having a body temperature greatly above normal. 

Answer 51

Hyperthermia

Question 52

a simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a  component of many carbohydrates. 

Answer 52

Glucose

Question 53

The body breaks down most carbohydrates from the foods we eat and  converts them into this type of sugar. The main source of fuel for our cells.

Answer 53

Glycogen

Question 54

a colorless syrupy organic acid formed in sour milk and produced in the  muscle tissues during strenuous exercise. 

Answer 54

Lactic acid

Question 55

waxy, fat­like substance that’s found in all cells of the body. Used to make hormones, vitamin D, and substances that help  you digest foods. travels through your bloodstream in small  packages called lipoproteins

Answer 55

Cholesterol