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Lipids > Fixed oils > Flashcards

Fixed oils Flashcards

1
Q

Scientific names - castor oil

A

Ricinus communis, R. zanzibarinus

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2
Q

Family - castor oil

A

Euphorbiaceae

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3
Q

Variation of castor oil with high ricinoleic acid content

A

R. zanzibarinus

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4
Q

R. zanzibarinus is the variation of castor oil with high ____ content

A

ricinoleic acid

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5
Q

Synonym: castor oil

A

Tangan-tangan

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6
Q

Significant lipid constituent/s: castor oil

A

Ricinoleic acid/ Triricinolein

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7
Q

Obtained by decortications

A

Castor oil

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8
Q

Castor oil is obtained by ____

A

decortications

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9
Q

Pomade from ___ contains an allergen

A

castor

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10
Q

___ from castor contains an allergen

A

pomade

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11
Q

Pomade from castor contains an ___

A

allergen

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12
Q

Main uses - castor oil (3)

A

Used as plasticizer in flexible collodion, stiffening agent, lubricant for combustion engines

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13
Q

Addtl uses - castor oil (3)

A

Domestic purgative once

Cathartic for food poisoning and preliminary to intestinal examination (hospital use)

ion IV preparations which contain drugs of low aqueous solubility (Nonionic surfactants/polyethoxylated castor oils)

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14
Q

All uses - castor oil (6)

A

Plasticizer in flexible collodion, stiffening agent, lubricant for combustion engines

Domestic purgative once

Cathartic for food poisoning and preliminary to intestinal examination (hospital use)

ion IV preparations which contain drugs of low aqueous solubility (Nonionic surfactants/polyethoxylated castor oils)

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15
Q

domestic purgative once

A

CASTOR OIL

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16
Q

Restricted to hospital use for administration as cathartic for food poisoning and preliminary to intestinal examination

A

CASTOR OIL

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17
Q

CASTOR OIL: Restricted to hospital use for administration as __ for __ and preliminary to ___

A

cathartic for food poisoning and preliminary to intestinal examination

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18
Q

used as ion IV preparations which contain drugs of low aqueous solubility

A

Nonionic surfactants (polyethoxylated castor oils)

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19
Q

Nonionic surfactants (polyethoxylated castor oils) are used as ion IV preparations which contain drugs of ___

A

low aqueous solubility

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20
Q

Contains toxic lectin known as ricin

A

CASTOR OIL

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21
Q

poisonous at high amounts as it contains a toxic __ called __

A

castor oil, lectin, ricin

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22
Q

Scientific name: cottonseed oil

A

Gossypium hirsutum

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23
Q

Family - cottonseed oil

A

Malvaceae

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24
Q

Significant lipid constituent/s: cottonseed oil (2)

A

Oleic and linoleic acid

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25
Q

Uses - cottonseed oil (4)

A

Used for manufacture of soap

Solvent for intramuscular injection

Solvent for number of injections, hydrogenated

used to make substitutes for lard

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26
Q

hydrogenated fixed oil

A

cottonseed oil

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27
Q

T or F: All IM inj solvents are non-drying

A

F: semi-drying

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28
Q

All __ are semi-drying

A

IM injection solvents

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29
Q

Cottonseed oil is used to make substitutes for __

A

lard

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30
Q

Addtl cons: COTTONSEED OIL

A

gossypol

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31
Q

All cons: cottonseed oil

A

Oleic and linoleic acid, gossypol

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32
Q

Cons of cottonseed oil used as male contraceptive in China

A

Gossypol

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33
Q

Scientific name: corn oil

A

Zea mays

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34
Q

Family - corn oil

A

Poaceae

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35
Q

Significant lipid constituent/s: corn oil (2)

A

Oleic and linoleic acid

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36
Q

Uses - corn oil (6)

A

Semi-drying oil for IM injections (2 of 4)

High-calorie dietary supplement

Baking (hydrogenated oil - semisolid)

Used in salads

Solvent for irradiated ergosterol

Germ oil cake - cattlefeed

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37
Q

Hydrogenated oil is semisolid and used in baking

A

Corn oil

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38
Q

Used for germ oil cake

A

Corn oil

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39
Q

Germ oil cake is for ?

A

cattlefeed

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40
Q

Solvent for irradiated ergosterol

A

Corn oil

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41
Q

Used in salads

A

Corn oil

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42
Q

Synonyms: sesame oil (4)

A

Linga, Gingelly oil, Teel oil, Benne oil

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43
Q

Scientific name: sesame oil

A

Sesamum indicum

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44
Q

Family - sesame oil

A

Pedaliaceae

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45
Q

Significant lipid constituent/s: sesame oil. (2)

A

Oleic and linoleic acids

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46
Q

ID test for sesame oil

A

Baudoin test

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47
Q

Reagent for ID test for sesame oil, Baudoin test?

A

HCl containing 1% sucrose (with shaking)

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48
Q

What indicates the presence of sesame oil in Baudoin test? (+ result)

A

Pink

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49
Q

T or F: there is a current BP test for absence of sesame

A

T

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50
Q

Reagents for current BP test for absence of sesame (3)

A

acetic anhydride + furfuraldehyde + sulfuric acid

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51
Q

What (+) result indicates absence of sesame?

A

Bluish-green

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52
Q

Uses - sesame oil (7)

A

potential reduction in serum cholesterol and increased vitamin E activities (sesame lignans)

synergist for pyrethrum insecticides (sesamolin)

Semi-drying oil for intramuscular injection

Nutritive, laxative, demulcent, and emollient

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53
Q

Addtl cons - sesame oil. (2)

A

Sesamolin, Sesame lignans

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54
Q

All cons - sesame oil (4)

A

Oleic and linoleic acids, Sesamolin, Sesame lignans

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55
Q

Cons of sesame oil used as synergist for pyrethrum insecticides

A

sesamolin

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56
Q

Cons of sesame oil that has potential reduction in serum cholesterol and increased vitamin E activities

A

sesame lignans

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57
Q

Sci name - peanut oil

A

Arachis hypogaea

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58
Q

Family - peanut oil

A

Fabaceae

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59
Q

Synonyms - peanut oil (2)

A

Groundnut oil, arachis oil

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60
Q

Significant lipid constituent/s: peanut oil (3)

A

Oleic (~50%), linoleic, arachidic

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61
Q

Uses - peanut oil (4)

A

Semi-drying oil for intramuscular injection (4 of 4)

One of the most likely adulterants of other fixed oils (ex. olive)

Used in production of margarine, cooking fats, etc.

Lubricant, and forms excellent, firm, white soap

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62
Q

One of the most likely adulterants of other fixed oils (ex. olive)

A

Peanut oil

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63
Q

4 Semi-drying oil used as IM injection solvents?

A

Cottonseed oil
Corn oil
Sesame oil
Peanut oil

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64
Q

Scientific name: almond oil (2)

A

Prunus amygdalus var. dulcis (sweet), var. amara (bitter)

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65
Q

Family - almond oil

A

Rosaceae

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66
Q

Significant lipid constituent/s: almond oil

A

Oleic acid (~60-80%)

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67
Q

Uses - almond oil (6)

A

Sweet almonds used as food, but bitter almonds are not

Used for many toilet articles

Vehicle for oily injections

Internally, causes mild laxative action

Emollient

Ingredient in cosmetics

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68
Q

ALMOND OIL: __ and __ are separated by steam distillation

A

Benzaldehyde and HCN

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69
Q

ALMOND OIL: Benzaldehyde and HCN are separated by __

A

steam distillation

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70
Q

Scientific name: ETHIODIZED OIL

A

Papaver somniferum

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71
Q

Family - ethiodized oil

A

Papaveraceae

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72
Q

T or F: Bitter almonds used as food

A

F - sweet

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73
Q

T or F: Sweet almonds are not used as food

A

F - bitter

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74
Q

Iodine addition product of the ethyl ester of fatty acids of poppy seed oil

A

ETHIODIZED OIL

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75
Q

ETHIODIZED OIL: __ addition product of the __ of fatty acids of ___

A

iodine, ethyl esters, poppy seed oil

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76
Q

Decomposes when exposed to air and sunlight, becoming dark brown

A

ETHIODIZED OIL

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77
Q

ETHIODIZED OIL: Decomposes when exposed to air and sunlight, becoming __

A

dark brown

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78
Q

Uses - ethiodized oil

A

radiopaque

used in hysterosalpingography and lymphography

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79
Q

Ex of ethiodized oil injection

A

Lipiodol

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80
Q

Sci name - olive oil

A

Olea europaea

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81
Q

Fam - olive oil

A

Oleaceae

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82
Q

Synonyms: Olive oil (2)

A

Salad oil, sweet oil

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83
Q

Significant lipid constituent/s: olive oil

A

Oleic acid

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84
Q

Odor is due to C6 alcohols like hexanol and hexenols

A

Olive oil

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85
Q

Olive oil: Odor is due to __ alcohols like __ and __

A

C6, hexanol and hexenols

86
Q

First oil, hence aka “virgin oil”

A

Olive oi

87
Q

Olive oil aka __

A

virgin oil

88
Q

Subsequently expressed oils are of lower quality

A

Olive oil

89
Q

Olive oil: Subsequently expressed oils are of __ quality

A

lower

90
Q

Olive oil: 5 pressed oils

A

virgin oil, second grade, technical oil, sulfur olive oil, tournant oil

91
Q

Olive oil: 5 pressed oils - gently pressed

A

Virgin oil

92
Q

Olive oil: 5 pressed oils - more pressure

A

second gradr

93
Q

Olive oil: 5 pressed oils - uses hot water

A

technical oil

94
Q

Olive oil: 5 pressed oils - uses carbon disulfide (CS2)

A

sulfur olive oil

95
Q

Olive oil: 5 pressed oils - from refuse olives

A

tournant oil

96
Q

Uses - olive oil (6)

A

Used in preparation of soaps, plastics, salads

Retardant for dental cements

preparation of soaps, plasters, and liniments

Demulcent, emollient, laxative

97
Q

Retardant for dental cements

A

Olive oil

98
Q

Scientific name: Palm kernel oil

A

Elaeis guineensis

99
Q

Fam - palm kernel oil

A

Areceae

100
Q

Significant lipid constituent/s: PALM KERNEL OIL. (2)

A

Palmitic acid, oleic acid

101
Q

Use - palm kernel oil

A

Used as cooking oil

102
Q

obtained by heating separated seeds for 4-6 hours, then cracked and kernels removed

A

palm kernel

103
Q

palm kernel oil: obtained by __ separated seeds for __ hours, then __ and __ removed

A

heating, 4-6 hrs, cracked, kernels

104
Q

Significant lipid constituent/s: soybean oil (2)

A

Linoleic and oleic acids

105
Q

Uses - soybean oil (3)

A

Varnish, insulator, other products

106
Q

T or F: soybean oil is useful as cooking oil

A

F - not useful

107
Q

Sterol components of soybean oil

A

Stigmasterol, sitosterol

108
Q

All cons - soybean oil

A

Linoleic and oleic acids, Stigmasterol, sitosterol

109
Q

Preparations from soybean oil (4)

A

lecithin

Partially hydrogenation soybean oil

Soybean cake

Soybean meal

110
Q

Preps soybean oil - for deranged lipid and cholesterol metabolism

A

lecithin

111
Q

Lecithin is for deranged __ and __ metabolism

A

lipid, cholesterol

112
Q

Preps soybean oil: for oral preps

A

Partially hydrogenation soybean oil

113
Q

T or F: Partially hydrogenation soybean oil is for oral preps

A

T

114
Q

Preps soybean oil: as livestock food

A

Soybean cake

115
Q

Preps soybean oil: used for detection of urea nitrogen in blood serum (as soybean contains urease)

A

Soybean meal

116
Q

Soybean meal is used used for detection of __ in blood serum (soybean contains __)

A

urea nitrogen, urease

117
Q

Cons of soybean oil: precursor for steroidal hormones

A

stigmasterol, sitosterol

118
Q

Linseed oil aka __

A

Flaxseed oil

119
Q

Significant lipid constituent/s: LINSEED/ FLAXSEED OIL

A

Linolenic acid

120
Q

Scientific name: LINSEED/ FLAXSEED OIL

A

Linus usitatissimum

121
Q

Family - LINSEED/ FLAXSEED OIL

A

Linaceae

122
Q

High iodine value (~175)

A

LINSEED/ FLAXSEED OIL

123
Q

iodine value of linseed oil

A

175

124
Q

has high iodine value hence a drying oil

A

LINSEED/ FLAXSEED OIL

125
Q

On exposure to air it thickens and forms hard varnish

A

LINSEED/ FLAXSEED OIL

126
Q

For use in paint, it was boiled with ‘driers’ like litharge or manganese resinate

A

LINSEED OIL

127
Q

For use in paint, linseed oil was boiled with ‘__’ like __ or __

A

driers, litharge, manganese resinate

128
Q

Linseed oil prep: used as poultice

A

Crushed linseed

129
Q

Linseed oil prep: demulcents for gouty and rheumatic swellings

A

whole seeds

130
Q

Crushed linseed used as _

A

poultice

131
Q

whole seeds of __for demulcents for gouty and rheumatic swellings

A

linseed

132
Q

whole seeds of linseeds are used as __ for __ and __

A

demulcents for gouty and rheumatic swellings

133
Q

Linseed oil prep - valuable cattle food

A

Linseed cake

134
Q

Scientific name: SAFFLOWER SEED OIL

A

Carthamus tinctorius

135
Q

Fam: SAFFLOWER SEED OIL

A

Asteraceae

136
Q

Significant lipid constituent/s: SAFFLOWER SEED OIL (2)

A

Oleic acid, linolenic (almost 90%, one of the highest in oils ever)

137
Q

How much linolenic acid is in safflower seed oil?

A

almost 90%, one of the highest in oils ever

138
Q

2 types of safflower seed oil and their cons

A

Type 1- original species (8-12% oleic)

Type 2 - hybrid forms (70-84% oleic)

139
Q

Uses - safflower seed oil (3)

A

The high levels of PUFA decreases blood cholesterol levels

50% oil emulsion - high-calorie dietary supplement

Varnish or waterproofing material

140
Q

T or F: The high levels of PUFA in safflower seed oil increases blood cholesterol levels

A

F - decreases

141
Q

The high levels of PUFA decreases blood __ levels

A

cholesterol

142
Q

form of safflower seed oil used as high-calorie dietary supplement

A

50% oil emulsion

143
Q

Scientific name: EVENING PRIMROSE OIL

A

Oenothera biennis

144
Q

Family - EVENING PRIMROSE OIL

A

Onagraceae

145
Q

Cons - EVENING PRIMROSE OIL

A

omega-6 gamma-linoleic acid (GLA)

146
Q

EVENING PRIMROSE OIL is an important source of the ?

A

omega-6 gamma-linoleic acid (GLA)

147
Q

T or F: gamma-linoleic acid (GLA) is the same as the usual alpha-linolenic acid

A

F - alpha-linolenic acid is omega-3, while GLA is omega-6

148
Q

Precursor of prostaglandins for individuals whose enzymic conversion of linoleic acid to GLA is deficient

A

EVENING PRIMROSE OIL

149
Q

EVENING PRIMROSE OIL: Precursor of __ for individuals whose __ conversion of __ to __ is deficient

A

prostaglandins, enzymic, linoleic acid to GLA

150
Q

Uses - EVENING PRIMROSE OIL (3)

A

Dietary supplement for cosmetic purposes

treatment of atopic eczema and premenstrual syndrome

151
Q

EPO: Other sources of GLA and sci names (3)

A

Black currant (Ribes nigrum)

starflower (Borago officinalis)

comfrey (Symphytum officinalis)

152
Q

Scientific name: coconut oil

A

Cocos nucifera

153
Q

Family: coconut oil

A

Arecaceae

154
Q

Significant lipid constituent/s: coconut oil

A

85% saturated (primarily lauric acid & myristic acid)

155
Q

Lowest iodine value and highest saponification value among common fixed oils

A

COCONUT OIL

156
Q

T or F: coconut oil has highest IV and lowest SV among common fixed oils

A

False - Lowest IV and highest SV

157
Q

Semisold at 20 deg. Celsius

A

COCONUT OIL

158
Q

COCONUT OIL: Semisold at __ deg. Celsius

A

20

159
Q

Coconut oil: __ at 20C

A

semisolid

160
Q

Easily absorbed from the GIT, which makes it of dietary value to patients with fat absorption problems

A

Coconut oil

161
Q

Coconut oil: Easily absorbed from the GIT, which makes it of __ value to patients with __ problems

A

dietary, fat absorption

162
Q

Short (6-8) and medium (10-14) chain fatty acids are used when conventional fats are not digested

A

COCONUT OIL

163
Q

COCONUT OIL: __ and __ chain fatty acids are used when __ fats are not digested

A

Short (6-8) and medium (10-14) chain, conventional fats

164
Q

Uses - coconut oil (3)

A

weight loss, ease digestion, boosts metabolism

165
Q

Contains 82% saturated fat (not good fat)

A

Coconut oil

166
Q

Sci name - CHAULMOOGRA OIL

A

Hydnocarpus wightiana

167
Q

Family - CHAULMOOGRA OIL

A

Achariaceae

168
Q

Cons - CHAULMOOGRA OIL (4)

A

hydnocarpic acid, chaulmoogric acid, gorlic and other acids

169
Q

Strongly bactericidal towards leprosy micrococcus

A

CHAULMOOGRA OIL

170
Q

CHAULMOOGRA OIL: Strongly bactericidal towards __

A

leprosy micrococcus

171
Q

T or F: CHAULMOOGRA OIL is Strongly bacteriostatic towards leprosy micrococcus

A

F - bacteriostatic

172
Q

Replaced by ethyl esters and salts of hydnocarpic and chaulmoogric acid

A

CHAULMOOGRA OIL

173
Q

CHAULMOOGRA OIL: Replaced by ethyl esters and salts of __ and __ acid

A

hydnocarpic and chaulmoogric acid

174
Q

Sci name - Persic oil (2)

A

Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus persica (peach)

175
Q

Lipid constituent/s: persic oil

A

Oleic

176
Q

Uses - persic oil (2)

A

Vehicle and pharmaceutic necessity

177
Q

Sci name - sunflower oil

A

Helianthus annuus

178
Q

Fam - sunflower oil

A

Asteraceae

179
Q

Lipid constituent/s: sunflower oil (3)

A

Linoleic, linolenic, and oleic acids

180
Q

Uses: sunflower oil (2)

A

Alternative to corn and safflower oils for culinary purposes

181
Q

Rapeseed aka ?

A

Canola

182
Q

sci name- RAPESEED/ CANOLA (2)

A

Brassica napus and B. campestris

183
Q

fam - RAPESEED/ CANOLA

A

Brassicaceae

184
Q

Lipid constituent/s: RAPESEED/ CANOLA (3)

A

Oleic, linoleic, linolenic acids

185
Q

Use: RAPESEED/ CANOLA

A

Used for cooking

186
Q

All cons: RAPESEED/ CANOLA

A

Oleic, linoleic, linolenic acids, erucic acid

187
Q

Cons of rapeseed/canola, significant intake of which increases cardiovascular risk

A

erucic acid

188
Q

Cons of rapeseed/canola: significant intake of erucic acid increases __

A

cardiovascular risk

189
Q

Cons of rapeseed/canola: limit of erucic acid in oil

A

2.0%

190
Q

Sci name - saw palmetto

A

Serrenoa repens

191
Q

Family - saw palmetto

A

Arecaceae

192
Q

Lipid constituent/s: saw palmetto

A

Lauric

193
Q

Other metabolite cons - saw palmetto (2)

A

flavonoids and phytosterols

194
Q

All cons - saw palmetto (3)

A

Lauric, Also contains flavonoids and phytosterols

195
Q

Can inhibit 5α-reductase

A

saw palmetto

196
Q

Saw palmetto can inhibit this enzyme and hence can treat __ and __

A

5α-reductase

benign prostatic hyperplasia, androgenetic alopecia

197
Q

Saw palmetto can inhibit this enzyme, preventing the conversion of __ to __

A

5α-reductase

Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone

198
Q

Used for BPH (comparable activity to saw palmetto)

A

Pygeum bark

199
Q

Sci name - Pygeum bark

A

Prunus africana

200
Q

Pygeum bark has __ fatty acids

A

C12-C24 fatty acids

201
Q

Pygeum bark is used for __ hence having comparable activity to __

A

BPH, saw palmetto

202
Q

Triglycerides of stearic and palmitic acids from different plant sources

A

HYDROGENATED VEGETABLE OIL

203
Q

HYDROGENATED VEGETABLE OIL; __ of __ and __ acids from different plant sources

A

Triglycerides of stearic and palmitic acids

204
Q

Melts between 61 and 66 deg. Celsius to give a pale, yellow liquid

A

HYDROGENATED VEGETABLE OIL

205
Q

HYDROGENATED VEGETABLE OIL: Melts between __ and __ deg. Celsius to give a __

A

61 and 66 deg. Celsius to give a pale, yellow liquid

206
Q

Test for animal oil adulterants in hydrogenated vegetable oil

A

Serger test

207
Q

Serger test is a test for __ in __

A

animal oil adulterants, hydrogenated vegetable oil

208
Q

+ Result that indicates the presence of animal oil adulterants in HVO

A

blue or yellow color

209
Q

Use: HYDROGENATED VEGETABLE OIL (2)

A

Used as tablet lubricant

Abundant in packaged food products
(chips, chocolates, etc.)

210
Q

Abundant in packaged food products (chips, chocolates, etc.)

A

HYDROGENATED VEGETABLE OIL

211
Q

This potentially contains __ (by- products of the hydrogenation process)

A

HYDROGENATED VEGETABLE OIL, trans fats

212
Q

HYDROGENATED VEGETABLE OIL potentially contains trans-fats (by-products of the __ process)

A

hydrogenation

Lipids (5 decks)

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