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Lipids > Simple FA and sterols > Flashcards

Simple FA and sterols Flashcards

1
Q

Of pharmaceutic & purified quality

A

STEARIC ACID

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2
Q

STEARIC ACID: pharmaceutic quality

A

40% stearic acid and nlt 40% palmitic acid

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3
Q

STEARIC ACID: purified quality

A

90% stearic acid

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4
Q

Derivatives of stearic acid: lubricants

A

Ca and Mg stearates

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5
Q

Derivatives of stearic acid: dusting powder

A

Zn stearate

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6
Q

Derivatives of stearic acid: emulsifying and stiffening agent

A

Na stearate

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7
Q

Derivatives of stearic acid: suspending agent

A

Aluminum monostearate

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8
Q

Derivatives of stearic acid: emulsifying agents

A

Glyceryl & propylene glycol monostearates

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9
Q

Unsaturated octadecanoic acid (at C9)

A

OLEIC ACID

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10
Q

Often obtained as by-product in production of stearic acid

A

OLEIC ACID

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11
Q

OLEIC ACID is often obtained as by-product in production of ?

A

stearic acid

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12
Q

Gradually absorbs oxygen and darkens when exposed to air (due to its unsaturation)

A

OLEIC ACID

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13
Q

Use - oleic acid

A

Emulsion adjunct

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14
Q

Derivatives of oleic acid: vehicle (and less greasy)

A

Ethyl oleate

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15
Q

Derivatives of oleic acid: emollient and emulsifying agent

A

Oleyl alcohol

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16
Q

Essential fatty acids

A

VITAMIN F

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17
Q

Cons - VITAMIN F

A

Linoleic (n-6) and alpha-linolenic (n-3) acids

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18
Q

Humans lack the __ enzymes needed to convert __ to __ & __

A

desaturase enzymes needed to convert oleic acid to linoleic & linolenic

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19
Q

Delta notation - oleic acid

A

C18:1 Δ9

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20
Q

Delta notation - Linoleic acid

A

C18:2 Δ9,12

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21
Q

Delta notation - Linolenic acid (alpha)

A

C18:3 Δ9,12,15

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22
Q

Delta notation - Arachidonic acid

A

C20:4 Δ5,8,11,14

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23
Q

Delta notation - Timonodonic acid/EPA

A

C20:5 Δ5,8,11,14,17

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24
Q

Delta notation - Cervonic acid/DHA

A

C22:6 Δ4,7,10,13,16,19

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25
Q

Precursor of eicosanoid autacoids

A

Arachidonic acid

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26
Q

animal fatty acids that are said to reduce cardiovascular risk

A

Omega-3-fatty acids

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27
Q

2 Omega-3-fatty acids

A

Timonodonic acid/EPA (eicosapentanoic acid)

Cervonic acid/DHA (docosahexanoic acid)

28
Q

Essential FA that is the precursor of inflammatory agents

A

Linolenic acid (alpha)

29
Q

Direct precursor of prostaglandins and inflammatory agents

A

Arachidonic acid

30
Q

Eicosanoids are __ derivatives of __

A

C20, arachidonic acid

31
Q

__ are C20 derivatives of arachidonic acid

A

Eicosanoids

32
Q

Involves COX and LOX enzymes

A

Eicosanoids

33
Q

well-known targets of all NSAID drugs

A

COX and prostaglandin function

34
Q

COX and prostaglandin function are the well-known targets of all ?

A

NSAID drugs

35
Q

LOX and leukotriene function are the well-known targets of some ? Give examples

A

back-up asthma drugs (ex. zileuton, montelukast)

36
Q

well-known targets of some back-up asthma drugs (ex. zileuton, montelukast)

A

LOX and leukotriene function

37
Q

Involved in platelet aggregation, pain and inflammation

A

PROSTAGLANDINS

38
Q

4 major classes: Prostaglandins

A

Prostaglandins A, B, E and F

39
Q

Prostaglandins are involved in? (3)

A

platelet aggregation, pain and inflammation

40
Q

Key examples Prostaglandins: Vasodilator, antiplatelet and uterine relaxant

A

Alprostadil (PGE1 analog)

41
Q

Key examples Prostaglandins: PGE1 analogs

A

Alprostadil, Misoprostol

42
Q

Key examples Prostaglandins: Maintains oxygenation in babies with patent ductus arteriosus

A

Alprostadil (PGE1 analog)

43
Q

Key examples Prostaglandins: uses of alprostadil (4)

A

Vasodilator, antiplatelet and uterine relaxant

Maintains oxygenation in babies with patent ductus arteriosus

44
Q

Key examples Prostaglandins: Prostaglandin analog used for treatment of NSAID-induced ulcers

A

Misoprostol (another PGE1 analog)

45
Q

Key examples Prostaglandins: Banned in some countries due to its off-label abortifacient use

A

Misoprostol (another PGE1 analog)

46
Q

Key examples Prostaglandins: uses of misoprostol

A

treatment of NSAID-induced ulcers, abortifacient

47
Q

Key examples Prostaglandins: Uterine stimulant; inactivated in the lungs

A

PGF2α (Dinoprost)

48
Q

Key examples Prostaglandins: for termination of second trimester pregnancy

A

PGF2α (Dinoprost), 15-methyl PGF2α (Carboprost)

49
Q

Key examples Prostaglandins: use of dinoprost

A

Uterine stimulant; termination of second trimester pregnancy

50
Q

Key examples Prostaglandins: ADRs of dinoprost

A

extension of contractile effect (GI muscle) vomiting, diarrhea, increased BP

51
Q

Key examples Prostaglandins: Uterine stimulant; given deep IM

A

15-methyl PGF2α (Carboprost)

52
Q

Key examples Prostaglandins: use of carboprost

A

Uterine stimulant; given deep IM

Used for termination of second trimester pregnancy

53
Q

Linoleic gives rise to ? which gives rise to ?

A

Arachidonic, eicosanoids

54
Q

Linolenic gives rise to ?

A

OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS

55
Q

OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS reduces?

A

CV events

56
Q

ethyl ester form of omega-3 FA EPA that reduces CV events

A

Icosapent ethyl

57
Q

Omega-3 FA that serves as substrate that resolves inflammation

A

EPA

58
Q

2 CASTOR-DERIVED ACIDS

A

Undecylenic acid

Azelaic acid

59
Q

CDA: Prepared by pyrolysis of ricinoleic acid

A

Undecylenic acid

60
Q

Undecylenic acid is p repared by __ of __

A

pyrolysis of ricinoleic acid

61
Q

CDA: has antifungal properties

A

Undecylenic acid

62
Q

CDA: Undecylenic acid derivatives used in topical formulations

A

Caprylate and propionate salts

63
Q

CDA: antifungal (but not related to castor); MoA dependent on release of __

A

Glyceryl triacetate, acetic acid

64
Q

CDA: Prepared by ozonolysis of ricinoleic acid, or isolated from Malassezia furfur

A

Azelaic acid

65
Q

CDA: Azelaic acid is prepared by _ of _ (or isolated from _)

A

ozonolysis of ricinoleic acid (or isolated from Malassezia furfur)

66
Q

CDA: Has anti-acne properties

A

Azelaic acid

Lipids (5 decks)

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