FL #5 Bio

Question 1

bones are built by

Answer 1

osteoblasts (“blasts build!”)

Question 2

bone tends to degrade in areas of

Answer 2

low stress

Question 3

lipid breakdown yields

Answer 3

9 kcal/g

Question 4

carbohydrates & protein breakdown yields

Answer 4

4 kcal/g

Question 5

ethanol breakdown yields

Answer 5

7 kcal/g

Question 6

fat breakdown yields

Answer 6

11 kcal/g (the most out of any fuel source in mammals)

Question 7

autosomal recessive =

Answer 7

1:1 male/female ratio

Question 8

autosomal dominant =

Answer 8

no generation skipping

Question 9

Y-linked dominant =

Answer 9

must be passed form father

Question 10

X-linked recessive =

Answer 10

can be passed from affected/unaffected mother or affected father

Question 11

primary motor protein in muscle cells

Answer 11

myosin

Question 12

myosin also

Answer 12

hydrolyzes ATP

Question 13

troponin =

Answer 13

chaperone of actin

Question 14

myosin motors on

Answer 14

actin

Question 15

dystrophin =

Answer 15

linkage protein that transduces force from actin units w/in the sarcomere to the cell membrane

Question 16

dystrophin is linked to

Answer 16

extracell carbs & Z bands of sarcomeres

Question 17

dystrophin is not directly involved in

Answer 17

muscle contraction

Question 18

dystrophin is only expressed in

Answer 18

skeletal muscle cells

Question 19

carbs are found on cell membrane of which cells

Answer 19

all of them

Question 20

smooth muscle cell anchorage =

Answer 20

long filaments are anchored to cell membrane at dense plaques (not by dystrophin proteins)

Question 21

neurotransmitter involed in muscle contraction

Answer 21

acetylcholine

Question 22

where do neurotransmitters bind to their receptors?

Answer 22

at the neuromuscular junction

Question 23

t-tubules function

Answer 23

transmit neuro currents to skeletal muscle cells

Question 24

in a reaction, enzymes

Answer 24

lower activation energy

Question 25

can enzymes alter equilibrium?

Answer 25

no

Question 26

heteroplasmy =

Answer 26

variation in organelle genetic composition in the cell (bc of self-replication/division of mitochondria)

Question 27

nondisjunction =

Answer 27

incorrect separation of nuclear chromosomes

Question 28

what would happen if mitochondria produced non-functional tRNA for lysine?

Answer 28

it would not work properly or produce proteins

Question 29

prions = no

Answer 29

nucleic acids (DNA or RNA)

Question 30

peripheral nervous system controls

Answer 30

things we don't consciously think about controlling

Question 31

what is likely to be found in a virus? | what is least likely?

Answer 31

likely = DNA, RNA, protein | not likely = lipids

Question 32

what would likely limit the rate of electron flow through the ETC?

Answer 32

formation of a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 33

promoters are found in

Answer 33

prokaryotes & eukaryotes

Question 34

promoters in eukaryotes are

Answer 34

not constitutively active

Question 35

all catabolic processes in cells are based on

Answer 35

monosaccharides

Question 36

blastula =

Answer 36

hollow ball of cells

Question 37

oocytes =

Answer 37

unfertilized eggs

Question 38

morula =

Answer 38

solid ball of cells

Question 39

zygote =

Answer 39

newly fertilized egg

Question 40

induction is a function of

Answer 40

cell signaling

Question 41

cytoplasmic components of a zygote origin

Answer 41

maternal

Question 42

mitochondria are heavy consumers of

Answer 42

glucose

Question 43

nucleolus function

Answer 43

synthesize ribosomes, rRNA

Question 44

nucleolus is made up of

Answer 44

RNA & protein

Question 45

connective tissue produces

Answer 45

an elastic matrix

Question 46

contractile & excitable are features of

Answer 46

muscle tissue & some neural tissue

Question 47

golgi apparatus function

Answer 47

vesicle formation

Question 48

ER function

Answer 48

production of lipids (smooth) & proteins (rough)