Flagellates Flashcards
(167 cards)
1
Q
Beaver-fever
A
Giardiasis
2
Q
Examination for trypomastigotes is usually done during this stage of the disease and is more useful for the diagnosis of T. brucei rhodesiense due to relative highler levels of parasitemia.
A
hemolymphatic stage
3
Q
The form of Leishmaniasis having symptoms of skin ulcer and painless lesions
A
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
4
Q
Its associated disease is the African Sleeping Sickness.
A
Trypanosoma brucei
5
Q
This is an occupational hazard for persons working in game reserves, and may also be a threat to visitors of game parks.
A
Rhodesian tryponosomiasis
6
Q
First discovered in spleen smear of a soilder who died of “Dumdum” fever or Kala-azar contracted at Dum Dum, Calcutta.
A
Leishmania donovani
7
Q
He first discovered Giardia lamblia using his own stool in 1681.
A
Antoine van Leeuwenhoek
8
Q
This provides energy to flagellates.
A
Kinetoplast
9
Q
Its cytoplasm have bacteria-filled vacuoles.
A
D. fragilis (other structures)
10
Q
He first described G. lamblia in 1859 and coined it Cercomonal intestinalis.
A
Lambl
11
Q
Ping-pong disease
A
Trichomoniasis
12
Q
Resembles Trichomonas but without flagellum
A
Dientamoeba fragilis
13
Q
MOT of Leishmania spp.
A
- Blood transfusion
- Contamination of bite wounds
- Direct contact w/ contaminated specimens
14
Q
The disease’s preventive measures include usage of insect repellants containing DEET and permethrin, insecticide-treated clothing, and fine-mesh bed nets.
A
Leishmaniasis
15
Q
Treatment for T. cruzi
A
Nifurtimox & Benznidazole
16
Q
Causes mucocutaneous
A
L. braziliensis complex
17
Q
Main strategy employed to decrease vector population of tsetse flies.
A
tsetse fly trapping
18
Q
How many hosts do Leishmania spp. pass their life cycle?
A
Two: invertebrate and vertebrate hosts
19
Q
Causes infantile visceral leishmaniasis
A
L. infantum
20
Q
T. hominis is also known as
A
Pentatrichomonas hominis
21
Q
Water borne parasite infected by copepods
A
Chilomastix mesnili
22
Q
It is found in east Africa and is primarily a zoonosis of cattle and wild animals, with humans being accidental hosts.
A
T. brucei rhodesiense
23
Q
Also known as Jericho boils, Aleppo button, Baghdad boils, Oriental sore, and Delhi fever.
A
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
24
Q
Its symtoms include a greenish-yellow leukorrheic discharge
A
T. vaginalis in females
25
Pear-shaped/ teardrop shaped with "falling leaf"
G. lamblia
26
For African sleeping sickness, this second-line drug is used in cases of melarsoprol treatment failure.
Nitrofurazone
27
Identify what is being described:
The stool is voluminous and foul smelling -- "rotten egg" odor.
G. lamblia
28
Vector for the hemoflagellate Trypanosoma brucei
Tsetse fly (Glossina spp.)
29
The parasite is transmitted via the bite of the blood-sucking tsetse fly feeding from an infected mammalian host.
T. brucei
30
Treatment for T. vaginalis
Metronidazole, 3x for 4-5 days & Acidic douche (10% vinegar)
31
This can be grown in Diamond's medium
G. lamblia
32
It resembles an old man with whiskers (pertaining to its flagella), a cartoon character and/or a monkey's face.
G. lamblia
33
True or False. The use of insecticides and protective clothing are recommended to prevent contact with tsetse flies.
True
34
The stage/s exhibited by T. brucei
Epimastigote & Trypomastigote only
35
Protozoa that bear one to several long, delicate, thread-like extensions or whip-like structures of the cytoplasm.
Phylum Sarcomastigophora - Subphylum Masitogophora
36
Refers to the rib-like structure within the cytostome.
Costa
37
Metastatic spread of lesion to oronasal and pharyngeal mucosa
Espundia
38
A conspicous part of a mitochondrion in some flagellates found near the kinetosome.
Kinetoplast
39
Causes urban anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, Oriental sore
L. tropica
40
Erosion of the pinna of the ear
Chiclero ulcer
41
This can be transferred from the pregnant woman to their child through the birth canal that also multiplies by binary fission.
Trichomonas vaginalis
42
This non-pathogenic flagellate is associated with trichomoniasis
T. tenax
43
The gold standard for detection of G. lamblia
Direct Fluorescent Antibody Assay
44
T or F.
Giardiasis is more common to females than males.
False. It is more common in males.
45
Also known as Kala-azar or the Dumdum fever
Visceral Leishmaniasis
46
Treatment for African sleeping sickness for the first stage and with the CNS involvement.
First stage: intravenous suramin sodium & intramusucular pentamidine
Involvement of CNS: intravenous melarsoprol
47
This is pathogenic and can cause vaginitis
T. vaginalis
48
First discovered in spleen smear of a soilder who died of "Dumdum" fever or Kala-azar contracted at Dum Dum, Calcutta.
Leishmania donovani
49
Vegetative stage/Reproductive stage of G. lamblia
Trophozoite
50
This is the most common form of Leishmaniasis
Cutaneous
51
This is the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infection having no cyst stage.
Trichomonas vaginalis
52
This where tsetse flies live therefore transmission can readily occur when people frequent these areas to swim and do their laundry.
banks of rivers and streams
53
This is associated with periodental disease
T. tenax
54
What is being referred to:
MOT. Fecal route or via transmission of helminth eggs particularly that of E. vermicularis
D. fragilis
55
Diagnosis for G. lamblia whereby a capsule with a string is swallowed by the patient until it reaches the gastric content of the stomach which is removed after 4-6 hours.
Beale String Test/Entero-Test
56
Pathology: Gay-bowel syndrome
G. lamblia
57
Trichomonas spp. found in the genito-urinary tract.
T. vaginalis
58
locomotor apparatus
flagella
59
This type of Leishmaniasis may be initially diagnosed as lepromatous leprosy whereby it is characterized by a localized, non-ulcerating papule, eventually developing numerous diffuse satellite lesions that affect the face and extremities.
Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
60
Refers to the only pathogenic Trichomonas spp.
Trichomonas vaginalis
61
True or False. In the meningoencephlitic stage, convulsions, tremors, speech defects, disturbances in speech and reflexes, and even paralysis may follow neurologic symptoms.
True
62
Infective stage of T. vaginalis.
Trophozoites
63
Trypanosomes under this group multiply within the mammalian host in a discontinuous manner.
Stercoraria
64
A process in which trypanosomes are able to evade the immune response of the host.
Antigenic variation
65
Its common hosts are wild, domestic dogs and small rodents
Leishmania spp.
66
The ability of the trypomastigote to continuously change its surface coat, composed of variant surface glycoproteins, so that the host's antibodies cannot recognize the parasite in subsequeant recurrent waves of parasitemia
Antigenic variation
67
These may be transmitted congenitally, through blood transfuion, by contamination of bite wounds, and by direct contact with contaminated specimens.
Leishmania spp.
68
Habitat of L. donovani
Liver, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes of man, and other vertebrate (dogs and hamster)
69
Also known as cell mouth for phagocytosis
Cytostome
70
True or False. The trypomastigotes of T. cruzi multiply in the bloodstream.
False
71
The vector for the hemogellate Trypanosoma cruzi
Assassin bug (Rhodnius spp, panstrongylus spp, and Triatoma spp.)
72
Pear shaped with rounded anterior & pointed posterior end that looks like an old man with eyeglasses G. lambia.
Trophozoite
73
The disease was documented in pottery figures.
leishmaniasis
74
The trophozoites of T. vaginalis thrive in this environment
slightly alkaline or slightly acidic pH
75
MOT of G. lambia
1. Ingestion of contaminated food/water with cyst
2. Anal-oral sexual practice
76
The posterior end of its trophozoite is drawn out into a long cone.
Chilomastix mesnili
77
What is being described:
Stiff rotary motility in a direction pattern having a boring, spiral forward movement.
Chilomastix mesnili
78
In wet preparation, the trophozoite of this exhibit rapid Jerky/Jerky-tumbling motility.
T. vaginalis
79
Infective stage of G. lamblia
Mature cyst
80
It has one small central or eccentric karyosome with no perichromatin.
Chilomastix mesnili
81
This non-pathogenic flagellate is quite resistant to changes in temperature that can survive for several hours in drinking water.
T. tenax
82
It is localized mostly in the western and central regions of sub-Saharan Africa. It primarily affects humans, but utilizes dogs, pigs, and sheep as reservoir hosts.
T. brucei gambiense
83
A membrane laterally projecting from the body of certain flagellates that participate in active motility of the flagella.
Undulating membrane
84
MOT of T. vaginalis.
1. Sexual intercourse
2. Soiled clothing and linens, sharing of washed clothes
85
The vector for Leishmania spp.
Sandfly
1. OW Phlebotomus spp.
2. NW Lutzomyia Brumptomyia
86
Pathology: Traveller's Diarrhea
G. lamblia
87
This disease causes fever, nausea, vomiting, and generalized lymphadenopathy.
Chagas disease
88
It can live in moist clothing for a day.
T. vaginalis
89
This is primarily a disease of poverty
Leishmaniasis
90
The infective stage of Leishmania spp. in vectors.
Amastigote
91
Diagnosis for the identification of cysts and trophozoites of G. lamblia
Stool Exam
92
This type of Leishmaniasis develops in about 2 to 5% of persons with L. braziliensis, either concurrently or even several years after the resolution of skin lesions.
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
93
In stained specimens, trypomastigotes are characteristically shaped as the letter/s:
C, U, or S-shaped
94
Unlike other trypanosomes, this is an intracellular parasite, with myocytes and cells of the reticuloendothelial system bring the most heavily infected cells.
T. cruzi
95
Treatment for G. lamblia
Metronidazole (250mg, 3x a day for 1 week)
96
Cultivation of New World Leishmaniasis
Cultured on Novy, Macneal, Nicolle (NNN) medium & Hockmeyer's medium
97
Its cyst is lemon-shaped with a small projection at the anterior end & possess a clear anterior hyaline knob.
Chilomastix mesnili
98
Flagellates are classified according to ________.
Habitat
1. Intestinal, oral, and genital flagellates
2. Blood and tissue flagellates
99
Its associated disease is the Chaga's disease or American trypanosomiasis
Trypanosoma cruzi
100
True or False. Dientamoeba fragilis is detected by stool concentration method.
False
101
An important opportunisitic infection in AIDS patients
Visceral Leishmaniasis
102
Causes American visceral leishmaniasis
L. chagasi
103
It causes the more acute and rapidly fatal form of sleeping sickness, and accounts for the remaining 5% of HAT cases.
T. brucei rhodesiense
104
The stage exhibited by Leishmania spp that multiply in host's macrophages and monocytes.
Amastigote
105
Name the four culture medium for the diagnosis of T. vaginalis
1. Trussel & Johnson's Medium
2. Diamond's Modified Culture Medium
3. Feinberg-Whittington Culture Medium
4. Typticase Liver Serum Medium
106
Examination for trypomastigotes is usually done during this stage of the disease and is more useful for the diagnosis of T. brucei rhodesiense due to relative highler levels of parasitemia.
hemolymphatic stage
107
Where are trypomastigotes and amastigotes in humans found?
blood stream & tissue cells respectively
108
Causes cutaneous
L. mexicana complex and L. peruviana
109
T or F.
Giardia Lamblia multiples by binary fission.
True
110
Disfiguring leprosy-like tissue destruction and swelling
Tapir Nose
111
A hemoflagellate that is a similar protozoan to Trypanosoma spp. that is endemic in parts of the tropics and subtropics.
Leishmania spp.
112
Treatment for D. fragilis
Iodoquinol
Tetracyline
Metronidazole
113
This leishmanin skin test can be used to identify exposure to the parasite.
Montenegro skin test
114
The new name of G. lamblia
Giardia duodenalis
115
It is responsible for 95% of all HAT cases.
T brucei gambiense
116
Resistant forms that are responsible for the transmission of giardiasis.
Cysts
117
This is where epimastigotes mature into metacylic trypomastigotes.
Insect's salivary glands
118
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as African sleeping sickness, is a highly fatal disease caused by two subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei. What are these subspecies?
T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense
119
In humans, T. brucei lives in ...
blood, reticular tissue of lymph and spleen, and the CSF
120
Refers to the only known pathogenic instestinal flagellate.
G. lamblia
121
The earliest sign of African Trypanosomiasis which is a hard, painful lesion at the site of inoculation.
Chancre
122
Its kinetoplast has a dot-like blepharoplas and parabasal body adjacent to it.
Amastigote
123
Resides in the mucosal crypts of the large intestine
Dientamoeba fragilis
124
T. hominis is also known as
Pentatrichomonas hominis
125
It could be a reservoir host for G. lamblia
Beavers
126
Also known as Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis
American Leishmaniasis
127
Even though it's not pathogenic and endocommensal, its presence indicates poor hygience practices and sanitation
Chilomastix mesnili
128
Cultivation of New World Leishmaniasis
Cultured on Novy, Macneal, Nicolle (NNN) medium & Hockmeyer's medium
129
The disease caused by infection of the diploid protozoa belonging to the genus Leishmania.
Leishmaniasis
130
Resembles T. tenax but larger.
T. vaginalis
131
This was originally described as an amoeba but is a flagellate.
Dientamoeba fragilis
132
Its nuclei is rosette-shaped, binucleated, having 4-6 chromatin granules, with no perichromatin.
D. fragilis
133
Causes rural, zoonotic, cutaneous leishmaniasis, Oriental sore
L. major
134
The resemblance of an old man's whiskers in G. lamblia is associated to its _________.
flagella
135
Habitat of T. vaginalis
Urinary and reproductive system
136
Ovoid, football shaped G. lamblia
Cyst
137
True or False.
Inside its insect vector, the amastigote, epimastigote, and promastigote forms occur in the hindgut while the infective metacyclic trypomastigote appear in the midgut.
False. It is is the other way around.
138
Diagnosis for antigen detection in stool and utilizes the VSPs for G. lamblia
Immunochromatography
139
It consists of 1 ovoid nucleus with a vesicular region filled with chromatin granules
T. tenax
140
Stain used for the Diagnosis of T. vaginalis
Giemsa/Wright
141
Pathology: Hypermotility of the bowel; irritable bowel syndrome
D. fragilis
142
Trichomonas spp. found in the mouth.
T. tenax
143
Feeding and non-feeding stage of G. lamblia
Trophozoite & cyst respectively
144
In the troph form of G. lamblia, the presence of an adhesive sucking disc for attachment to intestinal cells of the body can cause __________.
Mechanical irritation
145
Habitat of G. lamblia
Duodenum (where it performs excystation), jejunum, and upper ileum
146
How many flagella do the non-pathogenic flagellates have?
T. tenax: 5
T. hominis: 6
C. mesnili: 4
147
Infective stage of T. brucei and T. cruzi
Metacyclic trypomastigote
148
Supports the locomotion of flagellates.
Axostyle/Axial Rod
149
It has one central karyosome with no perichromatin
T. hominis
150
It is known to cause epidemic and endemic diarrhea
G. lamblia
151
The stage/s exhibited by T. cruzi
All forms: Amastigote, Promastigote, Epimastigote, Trypomastigote
152
This refers to the late phase of the Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) disease which marks the involvement of the central nervous system.
Meningoencephalitic stage
153
The widely used technique for the diagnosis of T. hominis
MIF
154
Trichomonas spp. found in the intestine.
T. hominis
155
The infective stage of Leishmania spp. in man.
Promastigote
156
Invasive form of G. lamblia
Cyst
157
These possess 1 nuclues, 1 kintetoplast, and a flagellum and are also vector-borne.
Hemoflagellates
158
Non-pathogenic flagellate found in the cecal region of the large intestine.
Chilomastix mesnili
159
Treatment for Leishmaniasis
sodium stibogluconate
n-methyl-glucamine (meglumine)
160
Causes cutaneous leishmaniasis, diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis
L. aethiopica
161
For D. fragilis, this ma also be potential sources of human infection
animal reservoir
162
It exhibits brownian motion known as the Hakansson phenomenon.
D. fragilis
163
How many host/s will G. lamblia pass its life cycle?
One
164
This is activated by duodenal secretions which also facilitates attachment of the parasite into the intestinal cells.
Lectin
165
The stage exhibited by Leishmania spp. that develop extracellularly within a vector's gut.
Promastigotes
166
Infective stage of Dientamoeba fragilis
Trophozoites
167
Co-infection with Enterobiasis
Dientamoeba fragilis
