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Parasitology Lecture > Protozoa > Flashcards

Protozoa Flashcards

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1
Q

How many species of amebae occur in humans?

A

Seven

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2
Q

Name the amebae species that occur in humans.

A

E. histolytica
Commensals
E. dispar
E. moshkovskii
E. hartmanni
E. coli
Endolimax nana
Iodamoeba bustchlii

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3
Q

Refers to an intestinal ameba of pigs and monkeys that has been occasionally detected in humans, and is a probably cause of diarrhea.

A

Entamoeba polecki

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4
Q

T or F. Amoeba & commensals belong to the Subphylum Sarcodina (pseudopodia) classification.

A

True

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5
Q

T or F. Parasitic Protozoa perform asexual but not sexual reproduction in different hosts.

A

False. It performs both asexual and sexual reproduction.

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6
Q

These are intestinal dwellers that has pseudopodium (false feet/hyaline foot-like protrusion for locomotion)

A

amoeba

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7
Q

Entamoebas are all intestinal dwellers except for ________ which is found in the mouth

A

E. gingivalis

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8
Q

He first described E. histolytica in 1873 and transferred amoebae to a dog by rectal injection which later on became ill and showed ulceration of colon.

A

Fedor Alexandrewitch Losch

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9
Q

Habitat of E. histolytica

A

mucosa & submucosa of the large intestine in man

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10
Q

Refers to a pseudopod-forming non-flagellated protozoan parasite that is the most invasice of the Entamoeba parasites and the only member o the family to cause COLITIS and LIVER ABSCESS.

A

E. histolytica

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11
Q

Infective stage of E. histolytica

A

cyst

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12
Q

MOT of E. histolytica

A

Drinking water contaminated with feces containing cyst

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13
Q

Name the three types of amebiasis tha can result from infection with Entamoeba

A
  1. Luminal amebiasis
  2. Invasive amebic dysentery
  3. Invasive extraintestinal amebiasis
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14
Q

T or F. Maintaining clean water is not a form of Entamoeba infection prevention.

A

False.

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15
Q

Excystation occurs in the small or large bowel, where a cyst undergoes nuclear followed by cytoplasmic division to form ____ trophozoites

A. 4
B. 8
C. 12
D. 16
E. NOTA

A

B. 8 trophozoites

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16
Q

Phoretic vectors of E. histolytica

A

Cockroach
Flies

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17
Q

Treatment for E. histolytica

A

Metronidazole

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18
Q

Why are trophozoites motile whereas cysts are non-motile?

A

Trophozoites have pseudopods

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19
Q

The most common form of diseas associated with amoebae.

A

Colitis

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20
Q

This clinically presents as gradual onset of abdominal pain and diarrhea with or without blood and mucus in the stools where fever is uncommon yet there are formation of ulcers.

A

Amebic colitis

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21
Q

This would develop in children with severe bloody diarrhea, fever, and abdominal pain.

A

fulminant colitis

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22
Q

It clinically presents as a mass-like lesion with abdominal pain and a history of dysentery

A

Ameboma

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23
Q

It is the most common extra-intestinal form of amebiasis. Its cardinal manifestations are fever and right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain.

A

Amebic liver abscess (ALA)

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24
Q

The most serious complication of amebic colitis.

A

Perforation and secondary bacterial peritonitis

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25
Should amebix colitis be ruled out BEFORE or AFTER steroid therapy for inflammatory bowel disease
BEFORE steroid therapy is started bc of the risk of developing toxic megacolon
26
LAB Dx for Amoebiasis:
Stool Examination Blood Examination Serological Tests Culture: Boeck and Drbohlav's diphasic medium Diagnostic Aspiration Liver Biopsy Molecular Methods
27
For the diagnosis of Amoebiasis, what is the ideal number of stool specimens to be collected on different days for examination?
a minimum of 3
28
For the dection of trophs, fresh stool specimens should be examined within ___________ from defacation A. 1 hr B. 30 mins. C. 15 mins.
B. 30 mins.
29
The detection of E. histolytica trophs with ingested RBCs is diagnostic of __________.
Amebiasis
30
The differentiation between E. histolytica and E. dispar can only be done by the following, except: A. Microscopy B. PCR C. ELISA D. Isoenzyme analysis E. NOTA
A. microscopy
31
Its detection in the serum is the key in the diagnosis of Amebic Liver Abscess (ALA)
antibodies
32
Other than metronidazole, the ff. are also effective treatment for Amoebiasis, except: A. Tinidazole B. Secnidazole C. Diloxanide D. NOTA
D. NOTA
33
This genus has a spherical nucleus with a distinct nuclear membrane lined with chromatin granules and a small karyosome found near the center of the nucleus.
Entamoeba
33
This genus has a spherical nucleus with a distinct nuclear membrane lined with chromatin granules and a small karyosome found near the center of the nucleus.
Entamoeba
34
This genus has a vesicular nucleus with a relatively large, irregularly-shaped karyosome anchored to the nucleus by achromatic fibrils.
Endolimax
35
This genus is characterized by a large, chromatin-rich karyosome surrounded by a layer of achromatic globules and anchored to the nuclear membrane by achromatic fibrils.
Iodamoeba
36
Which among the two statements is true A. E. gingivalis has no cyst stage and does not inhabit the intestines B. E. gingivalis has a cyst stage but does not inhabit the intestines
A.
37
Morphologically similar to E. histolytica but differs in their DNA and rRNA.
Entamoeba dispar
38
Identify the commensal amoeba being described: Harmless inhabitant of the colon
E. coli
39
Identify the commensal amoeba being described: Similar with E. histolytica but smaller and has no RBC inclusion
E. hartmanni
40
Identify the commensal amoeba being described: "small race" of E. histolytica that is non-pathogenic
E. hartmanni
41
Identify the commensal amoeba being described: Parasite of pigs and monkeys that rarely infect humans with their cysts consistently uninucleated.
E. polecki
42
Identify the commensal amoeba being described: This can be found in the mouth (gum or teeth) that has no cyst stage and transmitted through kissing, droplet spray, and sharing utensils
E. gingivalis
43
Identify the commensal amoeba being described: Classified as free-living amoeba (rarely infect humans) that is first detected in sewage, osmotolerant, and able to survive at temperature range of 0-41 degree C.
E. moshkovskii
44
Identify the commensal amoeba being described: Smallest protozoa with its sluggish and mononuclear troph form hacing a quadrinucleated cyst form with eccentric karyosome (cross-eyed cyst)
E. nana
45
Identify the commensal amoeba being described: Has an iodine cyst, a large glycogen vacuole/body which stains deeply with iodine and is uninucleated
Iodamoeba butschlii
46
1st parasitic amoeba to be recognized n the soft tartar between the teeth in 1849.
E. gingivalis
47
Refers to the only amoeba that ingests WBCs
E. gingivalis
48
Its cyst is a "basket of flowers" in shape
I. butschlii
49
LAB Dx of Commensals
FECT (Formalin ether/ethyl acetate concentration technique) Lugol's Iodine
50
Treatment for Commensals
None (Not necessary as it doesn't cause disease)
51
An ubiquitous, free-living ameba that is commonly found in soil & water where they feed on bacteria as opportunists that may produce serious infection of the CNS and the eye.
Acanthamoeba
52
It is characterized by an active trophozoite stage with characteristic promininent "thorn-like" appendages and a highly resilient cyst stage into which it transforms when environmental conditions are not favorable.
Acanthamoeba
53
Associated with the use of improperly disinfected soft contact lenses, particularly those which are rinsed with tap water or contaminated lens solution.
A. keratitis
54
LAB Dx of A. Keratitis
Epithelial biopsy Corneal scrapings
55
Most common Acanthamoeba spp.
A. castellani
56
Exists as active trophs and resistant cyst; no flagellate form
Acanthamoeba sp.
57
MOT of Acanthamoeba spp.
Inhalation of aerosol or dust containing trophs and cysts Direct invasion through cuts, wounds, and eye
58
Pathology of Acanthamoeba spp.
GAE - Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis AK - Amebic Keratitis
59
What are the two vegetative forms of Naegleria spp.?
1. ameba (trophozoite form) 2. flagellate (swimming form)
60
This form of Naegleria fowleri trophozoites are found in humans.
Ameboid trophozoites
61
T or F. Naegleria spp. are thermophilic organisms which thrive best in hot springs and other warm aquatic envrionments.
True
62
MOT of N. fowleri
Oral or intranasal routes while swimming in contaminated lakes, pools, and rivers
63
LAB Dx for N. fowleri
Microscopic identification of living or stained amoeba in CSF Tissue samples and nasal discharges Culture of clinical specimens PCR assay Monoclonal Ab testing Flow cytometry DNA hybridization ELISA
64
Refers to a Naegleria spp. that could possibly infect humans in the future that is pathogenic in mice exposed to the parasite by intranasal instillation.
N. australiensis
65
Kills Naegleria fowleri easily
chlorination of water at 1 ppm or higher
66
A newly described amoeba that does not have a flagellate stage.
Balamuthis mandrillaris
67
Causes chronic CNS infection
Balamuthia mandrillaris
68
This infection generally manifests as intestinal diarrhea
Giardia

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