Flash cards about the Immune system for A level AQA Biology sepcification
What is the primary function of the immune system?
To protect the body against pathogens and foreign substances.
True or False: The immune system can distinguish between self and non-self molecules.
True
Name the two main types of immunity.
Innate immunity and adaptive immunity.
What type of cells are primarily involved in the adaptive immune response?
Lymphocytes (B cells and T cells).
Fill in the blank: ________ are proteins produced by B cells that specifically target antigens.
Antibodies
What is the role of phagocytes in the immune system?
To engulf and digest pathogens.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT part of the innate immune system? A) Macrophages B) T cells C) Neutrophils
B) T cells
What is the function of helper T cells?
To assist other immune cells by releasing cytokines.
True or False: Vaccination is a method of artificially acquiring immunity.
True
What is an antigen?
A substance that triggers an immune response.
Fill in the blank: The ________ is the first line of defense in the immune system.
skin
What type of immunity is provided by antibodies passed from mother to child?
Passive immunity
Multiple Choice: Which cells are responsible for producing antibodies? A) T cells B) B cells C) Dendritic cells
B) B cells
What is the role of memory cells in the immune system?
To provide long-term immunity by remembering past infections.
True or False: The spleen is involved in filtering blood and supporting the immune response.
True
Define the term ‘pathogen’.
An organism that causes disease, such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
What is the difference between active and passive immunity?
Active immunity involves the body producing its own antibodies, while passive immunity involves receiving antibodies from another source.
Fill in the blank: ________ are white blood cells that play a key role in the immune response.
Leukocytes
What is the main function of cytotoxic T cells?
To kill infected or cancerous cells.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a type of innate immune response? A) Antibody production B) Phagocytosis C) Memory cell formation
B) Phagocytosis
True or False: Interferons are proteins that help to inhibit viral replication.
True
What is the role of dendritic cells in the immune system?
To present antigens to T cells and activate them.
Fill in the blank: The ________ response is characterized by a rapid and robust reaction to a pathogen upon re-exposure.
secondary
Define the term ‘autoimmune disease’.
A condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells.
