Immune system

Question 1

What is the first step in the immune response?

Answer 1

Recognition of the pathogen by the immune system.

Question 2

True or False: B cells are responsible for antibody production.

Answer 2

True.

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The type of immunity that involves direct attack by T cells is called ____ immunity.

Answer 3

cell-mediated.

Question 4

What role do phagocytes play in the immune response?

Answer 4

They engulf and digest pathogens.

Question 5

Multiple Choice: Which type of T cell helps activate B cells?

Answer 5

Helper T cells.

Question 6

What is the function of antibodies?

Answer 6

To neutralize pathogens and mark them for destruction.

Question 7

True or False: HIV primarily infects red blood cells.

Answer 7

False.

Question 8

What is the main target of HIV within the human body?

Answer 8

CD4+ T cells.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The process by which HIV replicates is called ____.

Answer 9

viral replication.

Question 10

What happens during the attachment stage of HIV replication?

Answer 10

HIV binds to the CD4 receptor on T cells.

Question 11

Multiple Choice: Which enzyme does HIV use to convert its RNA into DNA?

Answer 11

Reverse transcriptase.

Question 12

What is the role of integrase in HIV replication?

Answer 12

It integrates viral DNA into the host’s genome.

Question 13

True or False: The immune response is only effective against viral infections.

Answer 13

False.

Question 14

What are the two main types of adaptive immunity?

Answer 14

Humoral and cell-mediated immunity.

Question 15

Fill in the blank: The immune system remembers pathogens through ____ cells.

Answer 15

memory.

Question 16

Multiple Choice: Which type of cell is responsible for producing antibodies?

Answer 16

B cells.

Question 17

What occurs during the lytic cycle of a virus?

Answer 17

The virus replicates and causes the host cell to burst.

Question 18

True or False: HIV can be transmitted through saliva.

Answer 18

False.

Question 19

What is the function of cytotoxic T cells?

Answer 19

To kill infected or cancerous cells.

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The immune response can be classified into ____ and ____ immunity.

Answer 20

innate; adaptive.

Question 21

Multiple Choice: What is the role of antigen-presenting cells?

Answer 21

To present antigens to T cells.

Question 22

What is the main consequence of HIV infection on the immune system?

Answer 22

It leads to a weakened immune response.

Question 23

True or False: Vaccines work by stimulating the immune response.

Answer 23

True.

Question 24

What does the term ‘pathogen’ refer to?

Answer 24

An organism that causes disease.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The immune response includes both _____ and _____ defenses.

Answer 25

specific; non-specific.

Question 26

Multiple Choice: Which component of the immune system is involved in the inflammatory response?

Answer 26

Histamines.

Question 27

What is the purpose of the primary immune response?

Answer 27

To produce antibodies against a first-time encountered pathogen.

Question 28

True or False: Memory cells are produced during the primary immune response.

Answer 28

True.

Question 29

What happens in the latent phase of HIV infection?

Answer 29

The virus remains dormant and asymptomatic.

Question 30

Fill in the blank: The final stage of HIV replication is the release of ____ from the host cell.

Answer 30

new virions.

Question 31

Multiple Choice: Which type of immune response is faster and more effective upon re-exposure to a pathogen?

Answer 31

Secondary immune response.