flashcards
(185 cards)
1
Q
A client packet is received by a server. The packet has a destination port number of 143. What service is the client requesting?
A
IMAP
2
Q
Which two functions are performed at the MAC sublayer of the OSI Data Link Layer to facilitate Ethernet communication?
A
-places information in the Ethernet frame that identifies which network layer protocol is being encapsulated by the frame
-adds Ethernet control information to network protocol data
3
Q
Which two functions are performed at the MAC sublayer of the OSI Data Link Layer to facilitate Ethernet communication?
A
-adds Ethernet control information to network protocol data
-implements CSMA/CD over legacy shared half-duplex media
3
Q
Which two functions are performed at the MAC sublayer of the OSI Data Link Layer to facilitate Ethernet communication?
A
-implements trailer with frame check sequence for error detection
-adds Ethernet control information to network protocol data
3
Q
A new network administrator has been asked to enter a banner message on a Cisco device. What is the fastest way a network administrator could test whether the banner is properly configured?
A
Exit privileged EXEC mode and press Enter.
3
Q
What happens when the transport input ssh command is entered on the switch vty lines?
A
Communication between the switch and remote users is encrypted.
3
Q
What is the subnet ID associated with the IPv6 address 2001:DA48:FC5:A4:3D1B::1/64?
A
2001:DA48:FC5:A4::/64
3
Q
A client is using SLAAC to obtain an IPv6 address for its interface. After an address has been generated and applied to the interface, what must the client do before it can begin to use this IPv6 address?
A
It must send an ICMPv6 Neighbor Solicitation message to ensure that the address is not already in use on the network.
4
Q
Which range of link-local addresses can be assigned to an IPv6-enabled interface?
A
FE80::/10
5
Q
What mechanism is used by a router to prevent a received IPv4 packet from traveling endlessly on a network?
A
It decrements the value of the TTL field by 1 and if the result is 0, it discards the packet and sends a Time Exceeded message to the source host.
6
Q
A network administrator is designing the layout of a new wireless network. Which three areas of concern should be accounted for when building a wireless network? (Choose three.)
A
-security
-interference
-coverage area
6
Q
A network administrator notices that some newly installed Ethernet cabling is carrying corrupt and distorted data signals. The new cabling was installed in the ceiling close to fluorescent lights and electrical equipment. Which two factors may interfere with the copper cabling and result in signal distortion and data corruption? (Choose two.)
A
EMI
RFI
6
Q
What is wrong with the displayed termination?
A
The untwisted length of each wire is too long.
7
Q
Data is being sent from a source PC to a destination server. Which three statements correctly describe the function of TCP or UDP in this situation? (Choose three.)
A
The source port field identifies the running application or service that will handle data returning to the PC.
UDP segments are encapsulated within IP packets for transport across the network.
The UDP destination port number identifies the application or service on the server which will handle the data.
8
Q
TCP
A
-ftp
-http
-smtp
9
Q
UDP
A
-DHCP
-TFTP
10
Q
A group of Windows PCs in a new subnet has been added to an Ethernet network. When testing the connectivity, a technician finds that these PCs can access local network resources but not the Internet resources. To troubleshoot the problem, the technician wants to initially confirm the IP address and DNS configurations on the PCs, and also verify connectivity to the local router. Which three Windows CLI commands and utilities will provide the necessary information? (Choose three.)
A
-ping
-ipconfig
-nslookup
11
Q
What two pieces of information are displayed in the output of the show ip interface brief command? (Choose two.)
A
-IP addresses
-Layer 1 statuses
12
Q
A network administrator is adding a new LAN to a branch office. The new LAN must support 25 connected devices. What is the smallest network mask that the network administrator can use for the new network?
A
255.255.255.224
13
Q
Which frame field is created by a source node and used by a destination node to ensure that a transmitted data signal has not been altered by interference, distortion, or signal loss?
A
frame check sequence field
14
Q
What is a function of the data link layer?
A
provides for the exchange of frames over a common local media
15
Q
What three requirements are defined by the protocols used in network communcations to allow message transmission across a network?
A
-message encoding
-delivery options
-message size
15
Q
What are three characteristics of the CSMA/CD process?
A
-After detecting a collision, hosts can attempt to resume transmission after a random time delay has expired.
-All of the devices on a segment see data that passes on the network medium.
-A device listens and waits until the media is not busy before transmitting.
16
Q
What characteristic describes a Trojan horse?
A
malicious software or code running on an end device
17
What are two features of ARP?
-If a device receiving an ARP request has the destination IPv4 address, it responds with an ARP reply.
-If a host is ready to send a packet to a local destination device and it has the IP address but not the MAC address of the destination, it generates an ARP broadcast.
18
Refer to the exhibit. An administrator is trying to configure the switch but receives the error message that is displayed in the exhibit. What is the problem?
The administrator must first enter privileged EXEC mode before issuing the command.
19
Refer to the exhibit. On the basis of the output, which two statements about network connectivity are correct?
-There are 4 hops between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
-There is connectivity between this device and the device at 192.168.100.1.
20
What are two characteristics of IP?
-does not require a dedicated end-to-end connection
-operates independently of the network media
21
What will happen if the default gateway address is incorrectly configured on a host?
The host cannot communicate with hosts in other networks.
21
Users report that the network access is slow. After questioning the employees, the network administrator learned that one employee downloaded a third-party scanning program for the printer. What type of malware might be introduced that causes slow performance of the network?
worm
22
A company has a file server that shares a folder named Public. The network security policy specifies that the Public folder is assigned Read-Only rights to anyone who can log into the server while the Edit rights are assigned only to the network admin group. Which component is addressed in the AAA network service framework?
authorization
23
What are two common causes of signal degradation when using UTP cabling? (Choose two.)
low-quality cable or connectors
improper termination
24
Which scenario describes a function provided by the transport layer?
A student has two web browser windows open in order to access two web sites. The transport layer ensures the correct web page is delivered to the correct browser window.
25
Which two protocols operate at the top layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite?
-POP
-DNS
26
An employee of a large corporation remotely logs into the company using the appropriate username and password. The employee is attending an important video conference with a customer concerning a large sale. It is important for the video quality to be excellent during the meeting. The employee is unaware that after a successful login, the connection to the company ISP failed. The secondary connection, however, activated within seconds. The disruption was not noticed by the employee or other employees.
What three network characteristics are described in this scenario?(choose three)
-quality of service
-fault tolerance
-security
27
Refer to the exhibit. If PC1 is sending a packet to PC2 and routing has been configured between the two routers, what will R1 do with the Ethernet frame header attached by PC1?
remove the Ethernet header and configure a new Layer 2 header before sending it out S0/0/0
28
Which three layers of the OSI model map to the application layer of the TCP/IP model?
-application
-session
-presentation
29
private address
172.19.20.5
30
loopback address
127.0.0.1
31
experimental address
240.2.6.255
32
TEST-NET address
192.0.2.123
33
Link-local
169.254.1.5
33
What does the term “attenuation” mean in data communication?
loss of signal strength as distance increases
34
Which two statements describe how to assess traffic flow patterns and network traffic types using a protocol analyzer?
-Capture traffic during peak utilization times to get a good representation of the different traffic types.
-Perform the capture on different network segments.
34
Refer to the exhibit. Host B on subnet Teachers transmits a packet to host D on subnet Students. Which Layer 2 and Layer 3 addresses are contained in the PDUs that are transmitted from host B to the router?
-Layer 2 destination address = 00-00-0c-94-36-ab
Layer 2 source address = 00-00-0c-94-36-bb
Layer 3 destination address = 172.16.20.200
Layer 3 source address = 172.16.10.200
35
Which subnet would include the address 192.168.1.96 as a usable host address?
192.168.1.64/26
36
What are two problems that can be caused by a large number of ARP request and reply messages
The ARP request is sent as a broadcast, and will flood the entire subnet.
All ARP request messages must be processed by all nodes on the local network.
36
Why would a Layer 2 switch need an IP address?
to enable the switch to be managed remotely
37
How does the service password-encryption command enhance password security on Cisco routers and switches?
It encrypts passwords that are stored in router or switch configuration files.
38
Which two statements are correct in a comparison of IPv4 and IPv6 packet headers?
-The Source Address field name from IPv4 is kept in IPv6.
-The Time-to-Live field from IPv4 has been replaced by the Hop Limit field in IPv6.
39
Which two statements accurately describe an advantage or a disadvantage when deploying NAT for IPv4 in a network?
-NAT provides a solution to slow down the IPv4 address depletion.
-NAT introduces problems for some applications that require end-to-end connectivity.
40
physical topology diagram
-location of a desktop pc in a classroom
-path of cables that connect rooms to wiring closets
41
logical topology diagram
IP address of a server
41
What service is provided by HTTP?
A basic set of rules for exchanging text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files on the web.
42
A client packet is received by a server. The packet has a destination port number of 67. What service is the client requesting?
DHCP
42
What are the two most effective ways to defend against malware?
-Update the operating system and other application software.
-Install and update antivirus software.
43
An administrator defined a local user account with a secret password on router R1 for use with SSH. Which three additional steps are required to configure R1 to accept only encrypted SSH connections?
-Configure the IP domain name on the router.
-Generate the SSH keys.
-Enable inbound vty SSH sessions.
44
A host is trying to send a packet to a device on a remote LAN segment, but there are currently no mappings in its ARP cache. How will the device obtain a destination MAC address?
It will send an ARP request for the MAC address of the default gateway.
45
layer 2
-802.2 header
-FCS
-Destination MAC address
46
layer 3
TTL
source IP address
47
layer 4
Acknowledgement number
destination port number
48
A network administrator wants to have the same network mask for all networks at a particular small site. The site has the following networks and number of devices:
255.255.255.224
49
Refer to the exhibit. A network engineer has been given the network address of 192.168.99.0 and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.192 to subnet across the four networks shown. How many total host addresses are unused across all four subnets?
200
49
Refer to the exhibit. The network administrator has assigned the LAN of LBMISS an address range of 192.168.10.0. This address range has been subnetted using a /29 prefix. In order to accommodate a new building, the technician has decided to use the fifth subnet for configuring the new network (subnet zero is the first subnet). By company policies, the router interface is always assigned the first usable host address and the workgroup server is given the last usable host address. Which configuration should be entered into the properties of the workgroup server to allow connectivity to the Internet?
IP address: 192.168.10.38 subnet mask: 255.255.255.248, default gateway: 192.168.10.33
50
What would be the interface ID of an IPv6 enabled interface with a MAC address of 1C-6F-65-C2-BD-F8 when the interface ID is generated by using the EUI-64 process?
1E6F:65FF:FEC2:BDF8
51
Which information does the show startup-config command display?
the contents of the saved configuration file in the NVRAM
51
Addressing
This field is responsible for directing the frame toward its destination. In an Ethernet frame, this would correspond to both the source and destination MAC addresses.
51
Error detection
This field checks if the frame has been damaged during the transfer. This corresponds to the Frame Check Sequence (FCS) at the end of an Ethernet frame.
52
Type
This field is used by the Logical Link Control (LLC) to identify the Layer 3 protocol, such as IP. It can indicate what type of payload the frame is carrying
53
What are two primary responsibilities of the Ethernet MAC sublayer?
-accessing the media
-data encapsulation
53
Frame start
his field identifies the beginning of a frame. In Ethernet frames, this is typically the preamble or the start frame delimiter (SFD).
54
cut through
-Begins forwarding when the destination address is received
-Has low latency
-May forward runt frames
55
store-and-forward
-Always stores the entire frame
-Checks the frame length before forwarding
-Checks the CRC before forwarding
56
What is an advantage for small organizations of adopting IMAP instead of POP?
Messages are kept in the mail servers until they are manually deleted from the email client.
56
Which switching method drops frames that fail the FCS check?
store-and-forward switching
57
A network administrator is adding a new LAN to a branch office. The new LAN must support 200 connected devices. What is the smallest network mask that the network administrator can use for the new network?
255.255.255.0
57
A wired laser printer is attached to a home computer. That printer has been shared so that other computers on the home network can also use the printer. What networking model is in use?
peer-to-peer (P2P)
58
What are two characteristics shared by TCP and UDP?
-port numbering
-use of checksum
58
Which wireless technology has low-power and data rate requirements making it popular in home automation applications?
ZigBee
58
A client packet is received by a server. The packet has a destination port number of 69. What service is the client requesting?
TFTP
59
What service is provided by Internet Messenger?
An application that allows real-time chatting among remote users
60
What characteristic describes antispyware?
applications that protect end devices from becoming infected with malicious software
61
A network administrator wants to have the same subnet mask for three subnetworks at a small site. The site has the following networks and numbers of devices
255.255.255.240
61
Refer to the exhibit. A company uses the address block of 128.107.0.0/16 for its network. What subnet mask would provide the maximum number of equal size subnets while providing enough host addresses for each subnet in the exhibit?
255.255.255.128
61
Which protocol was responsible for building the table that is shown?
ARP
62
Which two traffic types use the Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)?
-video
-voice
62
Hardware threats
These are typically associated with physical damage to servers, routers, switches, cabling plants, and workstations. Hardware threats can also include poor handling of key electrical components, which can lead to electrostatic discharge, and issues such as lack of critical spare parts, poor cabling, and poor labeling
63
Environmental threats
These include temperature extremes (too hot or too cold) or humidity extremes (too wet or too dry)
63
Electrical threats
These refer to voltage spikes, insufficient supply voltage (brownouts), unconditioned power (noise), and total power loss. These threats can lead to equipment damage or data loss
64
Maintenance threats
These might include unauthorized access resulting in loss of data. They can also be associated with poor maintenance practices that fail to prevent or predict the failure of systems
64
Refer to the exhibit. The switches are in their default configuration. Host A needs to communicate with host D, but host A does not have the MAC address for its default gateway. Which network hosts will receive the ARP request sent by host A?
only hosts B, C, and router R1
65
Which value, that is contained in an IPv4 header field, is decremented by each router that receives a packet?
Time-to-Live
65
Refer to the exhibit. The IP address of which device interface should be used as the default gateway setting of host H1?
R1: G0/0
66
Which two statements describe features of an IPv4 routing table on a router?
Directly connected interfaces will have two route source codes in the routing table: C and S
If a default static route is configured in the router, an entry will be included in the routing table with source code S
67
Three bank employees are using the corporate network. The first employee uses a web browser to view a company web page in order to read some announcements. The second employee accesses the corporate database to perform some financial transactions. The third employee participates in an important live audio conference with other corporate managers in branch offices. If QoS is implemented on this network, what will be the priorities from highest to lowest of the different data types?
audio conference, financial transactions, web page
68
What is the consequence of configuring a router with the ipv6 unicast-routing global configuration command?
The IPv6 enabled router interfaces begin sending ICMPv6 Router Advertisement messages.
69
If Host1 were to transfer a file to the server, what layers of the TCP/IP model would be used?
application, transport, Internet, and network access layers
70
The global configuration command ip default-gateway 172.16.100.1 is applied to a switch. What is the effect of this command?
The switch can be remotely managed from a host on another network.
70
What characteristic describes adware?
software that is installed on a user device and collects information about the user
71
window size
number of bytes a destination device can accept and process at one time
71
sequence numbers
used to identify missing segments of data
72
retransmission
method of managing segments of data loss
72
acknowledgment
received by a sender before transmitting more segments in a session
73
What is the purpose of the TCP sliding window?
to request that a source decrease the rate at which it transmits data
73
What technique is used with UTP cable to help protect against signal interference from crosstalk?
twisting the wires together into pairs
74
A network technician is researching the use of fiber optic cabling in a new technology center. Which two issues should be considered before implementing fiber optic media?
-Fiber optic cabling requires different termination and splicing expertise from what copper cabling requires.
-Fiber optic provides higher data capacity but is more expensive than copper cabling.
75
Users are reporting longer delays in authentication and in accessing network resources during certain time periods of the week. What kind of information should network engineers check to find out if this situation is part of a normal network behavior?
the network performance baseline
75
A user is complaining that an external web page is taking longer than normal to load.The web page does eventually load on the user machine. Which tool should the technician use with administrator privileges in order to locate where the issue is in the network?
tracert
76
A client packet is received by a server. The packet has a destination port number of 53. What service is the client requesting?
DNS
76
PC1 issues an ARP request because it needs to send a packet to PC2. In this scenario, what will happen next?
PC2 will send an ARP reply with its MAC address.
77
global routing prefix
This network portion of the address is assigned by the provider
78
subnet ID
This part of the address is used by an organization to identify subnets
78
interface ID
This part of the address is the equivalent to the host portion of an IPv4 address
78
An IPv6 enabled device sends a data packet with the destination address of FF02::2. What is the target of this packet?
all IPv6 configured routers on the local link
79
What are the three parts of an IPv6 global unicast address?
-subnet ID
-global routing prefix
-interface ID
80
What is one main characteristic of the data link layer?
It shields the upper layer protocol from being aware of the physical medium to be used in the communication.
80
Which type of security threat would be responsible if a spreadsheet add-on disables the local software firewall?
Trojan horse
81
What service is provided by HTTPS?
Uses encryption to secure the exchange of text, graphic images, sound, and video on the web
81
IP address
-Contained in the Layer 3 header
-Separated into a network portion and a unique identifier
-32 or 128 bits
81
MAC address
-Contained in the Layer 2 header
-Separated into OUI and a unique identifier
-48 bits
82
what will the destination address be in the frame when it leaves host A?
BB:BB:BB:BB:BB:BB
82
Which two statements are correct about MAC and IP addresses during data transmission if NAT is not involved?
-Destination and source MAC addresses have local significance and change every time a frame goes from one LAN to another.
-Destination IP addresses in a packet header remain constant along the entire path to a target host
83
What three facts can be determined from the viewable output of the show ip interface brief command?
-The default SVI has been configured.
-The switch can be remotely managed.
-One device is attached to a physical interface
84
A user is executing a tracert to a remote device. At what point would a router, which is in the path to the destination device, stop forwarding the packet?
when the value in the TTL field reaches zero
84
What are two functions that are provided by the network layer?
-directing data packets to destination hosts on other networks
-providing end devices with a unique network identifier
84
A network administrator is adding a new LAN to a branch office. The new LAN must support 61 connected devices. What is the smallest network mask that the network administrator can use for the new network?
255.255.255.192
85
What characteristic describes spyware?
software that is installed on a user device and collects information about the user
86
What are three commonly followed standards for constructing and installing cabling?
pinouts
cable lengths
connector types
86
Which connector is used with twisted-pair cabling in an Ethernet LAN?
Answers RJ 45
86
What attribute of a NIC would place it at the data link layer of the OSI model?
MAC address
87
A network administrator needs to keep the user ID, password, and session contents private when establishing remote CLI connectivity with a switch to manage it. Which access method should be chosen?
SSH
88
A user sends an HTTP request to a web server on a remote network. During encapsulation for this request, what information is added to the address field of a frame to indicate the destination?
the MAC address of the default gateway
89
Which two commands can be used on a Windows host to display the routing table?
-route print
-netstat -r
90
Network A
192.168.0.0 /25
91
Network B
192.168.0.128 /26
92
Network C
192.168.0.192 /27
93
Network D
192.168.0.224 /30
94
A technician with a PC is using multiple applications while connected to the Internet. How is the PC able to keep track of the data flow between multiple application sessions and have each application receive the correct packet flows?
The data flow is being tracked based on the source port number that is used by each application
95
A client packet is received by a server. The packet has a destination port number of 80. What service is the client requesting?
HTTP
96
A user is attempting to access http://www.cisco.com/ without success. Which two configuration values must be set on the host to allow this access?
-DNS server
-default gateway
97
What method is used to manage contention-based access on a wireless network?
CSMA/CA
98
What are two ICMPv6 messages that are not present in ICMP for IPv4?
Router Advertisement
Neighbor Solicitation
99
An organization is assigned an IPv6 address block of 2001:db8:0:ca00::/56. How many subnets can be created without using bits in the interface ID space?
256
100
What subnet mask is needed if an IPv4 network has 40 devices that need IP addresses and address space is not to be wasted?
255.255.255.192
101
What characteristic describes a virus?
malicious software or code running on an end device
101
A host is trying to send a packet to a device on a remote LAN segment, but there are currently no mappings in the ARP cache. How will the device obtain a destination MAC address?
It will send an ARP request for the MAC address of the default gateway.
102
A disgruntled employee is using some free wireless networking tools to determine information about the enterprise wireless networks. This person is planning on using this information to hack the wireless network. What type of attack is this?
reconnaissance
103
What service is provided by POP3?
Retrieves email from the server by downloading the email to the local mail application of the client.
104
Which two network addresses can be assigned to the network containing 10 hosts? Your answers should waste the fewest addresses, not reuse addresses that are already assigned, and stay within the 10.18.10.0/24 range of addresses
-10.18.10.208/28
-10.18.10.224/28
104
What command can be used on a Windows PC to see the IP configuration of that computer?
ipconfig
104
A client packet is received by a server. The packet has a destination port number of 110. What service is the client requesting?
POP3
105
Which layer of the TCP/IP model provides a route to forward messages through an internetwork?
internet
105
What characteristic describes identity theft?
the use of stolen credentials to access private data
106
What service is provided by DNS?
Resolves domain names, such as cisco.com, into IP addresses.
106
What two security solutions are most likely to be used only in a corporate environment?
-intrusion prevention systems
-virtual private networks
107
Which wireless technology has low-power and low-data rate requirements making it popular in IoT environments?
Zigbee
108
What characteristic describes a VPN?
a tunneling protocol that provides remote users with secure access into the network of an organization
108
A network administrator is adding a new LAN to a branch office. The new LAN must support 4 connected devices. What is the smallest network mask that the network administrator can use for the new network?
255.255.255.248
109
During the process of forwarding traffic, what will the router do immediately after matching the destination IP address to a network on a directly connected routing table entry?
switch the packet to the directly connected interface
110
A client packet is received by a server. The packet has a destination port number of 21. What service is the client requesting?
FTP
111
What service is provided by BOOTP?
Legacy application that enables a diskless workstation to discover its own IP address and find a BOOTP server on the network.
112
Message sizing
typically would match with a description related to determining the size of messages for efficient network transmission, which might involve breaking up a long message into smaller pieces, also known as segmentation.
113
Message encoding
The process of converting information from one format into another acceptable for transmission. Encoding is the preparation of message data for transport across a network, where data is transformed into a suitable format for transmission over the network.
113
Message encapsulation
The process of placing one message format inside another message format. Encapsulation refers to the wrapping of data with protocol information before network transmission, where each layer in the OSI model encapsulates the layer above it.
114
What two ICMPv6 message types must be permitted through IPv6 access control lists to allow resolution of Layer 3 addresses to Layer 2 MAC addresses?
-neighbor advertisements
-neighbor solicitations
114
A technician can ping the IP address of the web server of a remote company but cannot successfully ping the URL address of the same web server. Which software utility can the technician use to diagnose the problem?
nslookup
115
The switches have a default configuration. Host A needs to communicate with host D, but host A does not have the MAC address for the default gateway. Which network devices will receive the ARP request sent by host A?
only hosts B, C, and router R1
115
Which two functions are performed at the LLC sublayer of the OSI Data Link Layer to facilitate Ethernet communication?
-places information in the Ethernet frame that identifies which network layer protocol is being encapsulated by the frame
-enables IPv4 and IPv6 to utilize the same physical medium
115
Which two functions are performed at the LLC sublayer of the OSI Data Link Layer to facilitate Ethernet communication?
-places information in the Ethernet frame that identifies which network layer protocol is being encapsulated by the frame
-adds Ethernet control information to network protocol data
116
Two pings were issued from a host on a local network. The first ping was issued to the IP address of the default gateway of the host and it failed. The second ping was issued to the IP address of a host outside the local network and it was successful. What is a possible cause for the failed ping?
Security rules are applied to the default gateway device, preventing it from processing ping requests.
116
What is a benefit of using cloud computing in networking?
Network capabilities are extended without requiring investment in new infrastructure, personnel, or software
117
Application filters
prevent access based on Layer 4 port numbers
118
Packet filters
prevent access based on IP or MAC address
118
URL filters
prevent access to web site URLs or content.
119
Stateful packet
inspection prevents unsolicited incoming sessions
119
Network address
translators translate internal IP addresses to to outside IP addresses and do not prevent network attacks
119
A client packet is received by a server. The packet has a destination port number of 22. What service is the client requesting?
SSH
120
What service is provided by SMTP?
Allows clients to send email to a mail server and the servers to send email to other servers
121
A network administrator is adding a new LAN to a branch office. The new LAN must support 10 connected devices. What is the smallest network mask that the network administrator can use for the new network?
255.255.255.240
122
When a switch configuration includes a user-defined error threshold on a per-port basis, to which switching method will the switch revert when the error threshold is reached?
store-and-forward
123
What are proprietary protocols?
protocols developed by organizations who have control over their definition and operation
124
What is an advantage to using a protocol that is defined by an open standard?
It encourages competition and promotes choices.
125
Which type of server relies on record types such as A, NS, AAAA, and MX in order to provide services?
DNS
126
Peer-to-peer network
-no dedicated server is required
-client and server roles are set on per requests basis
127
