flashcards

Question 1

What is a joint?

Answer 1

A place where two or more bones meet, also called articulations.

Question 2

What are the two functions of joints?

Answer 2

Mobility and stability.

Question 3

What are the three classifications of joints?

Answer 3

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial.

Question 4

What are the three movement classifications of joints?

Answer 4

Synarthrosis (immovable), amphiarthrosis (slightly movable), diarthrosis (freely movable).

Question 5

How are fibrous joints connected?

Answer 5

By dense connective tissue, they do not have a joint cavity.

Question 6

What are the three types of fibrous joints?

Answer 6

Suture, syndesmosis, gomphosis.

Question 7

How are cartilaginous joints connected?

Answer 7

By cartilage, they do not have a joint cavity.

Question 8

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 8

Synchondrosis (hyaline cartilage), symphysis (fibrocartilage).

Question 9

What separates articulating bones in synovial joints?

Answer 9

A fluid-filled joint cavity.

Question 10

What are the six types of synovial joints?

Answer 10

Plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, ball and socket.

Question 11

How are synovial joints classified?

Answer 11

By the shape of their articular surfaces and movement axes.

Question 12

What are the four main types of connective tissue?

Answer 12

Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood.

Question 13

What are the two characteristics of connective tissue?

Answer 13

Extracellular matrix and common origin from mesenchyme.

Question 14

What are the three components of ground substance?

Answer 14

Interstitial fluid, proteins, proteoglycans.

Question 15

What are the three types of connective tissue fibers?

Answer 15

Collagen (strongest), elastic (stretch and recoil), reticular (fine and branched).

Question 16

What is the primary fiber type found in bone?

Answer 16

Collagen.

Question 17

What are the primary cells found in bone?

Answer 17

Osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts.

Question 18

What are the two classifications of connective tissue proper?

Answer 18

Loose and dense.

Question 19

What are the three types of dense connective tissue?

Answer 19

Dense regular, dense irregular, elastic.

Question 20

What are the characteristics of dense regular connective tissue?

Answer 20

Parallel collagen fibers, withstands stress in one direction.

Question 21

Where is dense regular connective tissue found?

Answer 21

Tendons, ligaments, deep fascia.

Question 22

What are the characteristics of dense irregular connective tissue?

Answer 22

Irregular collagen fibers, withstands stress in multiple directions.

Question 23

Where is dense irregular connective tissue found?

Answer 23

Fibrous joint capsules, dermis, pericardium, periosteum.

Question 24

What are the characteristics of elastic connective tissue?

Answer 24

High proportion of elastic fibers, allows stretch and recoil.

Question 25

Where is elastic connective tissue found?

Answer 25

Walls of large arteries, lungs.

Question 26

What are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 26

Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic.

Question 27

What is the main characteristic of cartilage?

Answer 27

Tough but flexible, avascular and aneural.

Question 28

What are the main cells of cartilage?

Answer 28

Chondroblasts (produce matrix), chondrocytes (mature cells).

Question 29

What are the main functions of epithelium?

Answer 29

Protection, exchange, absorption, secretion.

Question 30

How is epithelium classified?

Answer 30

By the number of layers (simple or stratified) and cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar).

Question 31

What does it mean that epithelium is avascular?

Answer 31

It has no blood supply.

Question 32

Which other tissue is avascular?

Answer 32

Cartilage.

Question 33

Why is epithelial tissue highly regenerative?

Answer 33

Because it is frequently damaged and must repair itself.

Question 34

What type of epithelium lines the lungs?

Answer 34

Simple squamous epithelium.

Question 35

What are the components of the integumentary system?

Answer 35

Skin, hair, nails, glands.

Question 36

What are the functions of the skin?

Answer 36

Protection, temperature regulation, sensation, metabolic functions, blood reservoir, excretion.

Question 37

What are the layers of the skin?

Answer 37

Epidermis (outer layer), dermis (deep layer).

Question 38

What is the function of subcutaneous tissue?

Answer 38

Fat storage, shock absorption, insulation, allows skin movement.

Question 39

Which layer of skin is affected by a superficial scratch?

Answer 39

Epidermis.

Question 40

Which layer of skin is affected if a wound is bleeding?

Answer 40

Dermis.

Question 41

Why is a tattoo placed in the dermis?

Answer 41

To ensure it is permanent as it stains the connective tissue.

Question 42

Which type of tissue is primarily found in the epidermis?

Answer 42

Epithelial tissue.

Question 43

Which type of tissue is primarily found in the dermis?

Answer 43

Connective tissue.

Question 44

Which type of tissue is primarily found in subcutaneous tissue?

Answer 44

Adipose (fat) tissue.

Question 45

Which type of tissue is primarily found in deep fascia?

Answer 45

Dense regular connective tissue.