Flashcards #3
commodity chain
Series of links connecting the many places of production and distribution and resulting in a commodity that is then exchanged on the world market.
developing
With respect to a country, making progress in technology, production, and socioeconomic welfare.
Gross National Product
The total value of all goods and services produced within a country’s economy in a given year. It includes all goods and services produced by organizations and individuals of a country, whether or not they are located on a country.
formal economy
The legal economy that is taxed and monitored by a government and is included in a government’s Gross National Product; as opposed to an informal economy.
informal economy
Economic activity that is neither taxed nor monitored by a government; and is not included in that government’s Gross National Income; as opposed to formal economy.
modernization model
A model of economic development most closely associated with the work of economist Walter Rostow. The modernization model maintains that all countries go through five interrelated stages of economy, which culminate in an economic state of self-sustained economic growth and high levels of mass consumption.
neo-colonialism
The entrenchment of the colonial order, such as trade and investment, under a new guise.
Structuralist theory
A general term for a model of economic development that treats economic disparities among countries or regions as the result of historically derived power relations within the global economy system.
Dependency theory
A structuralist theory that offers a critique of the modernization model of development. Based on the idea that certain types of political and economic relations between countries and regions of the world have created arrangements that both control and limit the extent to which regions can develop.
world-system theory
Theory organized by Immanuel Wallerstein and illuminated by his three-tier structure, proposing that social change in the developing world is inextricably linked to the economic activities of the developing world.
vectored diseases
A disease carried from one host to the other by an intermediate host
maquiladoras
The term given to zones in northern Mexico with factories supplying manufactured goods to the U.S. market. The low-wage in the primarily foreign-owned factories assemble imported components and/or raw materials and then export finished goods.
desertification
The encroachment of desert conditions on moister zones along the desert margins, where plant cover and soils are threatened by desiccation-through overuse, in part by humans and their domestic animals, and, possibly in part because of inexorable shifts in the Earth’s environmental zones.
islands of development
place built up by government or corporation to attract foreign investment and which has relatively high concentrations of paying jobs and infrastructure.
nongovernmental organizations
International organizations that operate outside of the formal political arena but are nevertheless influential in spearheading international initiatives on social, economic, and environmental issues.
