Human Geography cards flash

Question 1

Animistic religion

Answer 1

The belief that inanimate objects, such as hills, trees, rocks, and other elements of natural landscape, possess souls and can help or hinder human efforts on earth.

Question 2

Universalizing religion

Answer 2

The belief system that espouses the idea that there is one true religion that is universal in scope. Adherents of universalizing religious systems often believe that their religion represents universal truths, and in some cases great effort is undertaken in evangelism and missionary work.

Question 3

Hinduism

Answer 3

One of the oldest religions in the modern world, dating back over 4,000 years, and originating in the Indus River valley of what what is today part of Pakistan. Hinduism is unique among the worlds religions in that it does not have a single founder, a single theology, or agreements on its origins.

Question 4

Caste system

Answer 4

The strict social segregation of people- specifically in Indians Hindu society- on the basis of ancestry and occupation.

Question 5

Buddhism

Answer 5

Religion founded in the sixth century B.C.E and characterized on the belief that enlightenment would come through knowledge, especially self knowledge; elimination of greed, craving, and desire; complete honesty; and never hurting another person or animal. Buddhism splintered from Hinduism as a reaction to the strict social hierarchy maintained by Hinduism.

Question 6

Shintoism

Answer 6

Religion located in Japan and related to Buddhism. Shintoism focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship.

Question 7

Taoism

Answer 7

Religion believed to have been founded by Lao-Tsu and based upon his book entitled “Tao-te-ching” or “book of the way” Lao-Tsu focused on proper for of political rule and on oneness of humanity and nature.

Question 8

Confucianism

Answer 8

A philosophy of ethics, education, and public service cased on writings of Confucius and originally thought of as one the core elements of Chinese culture.

Question 9

Judaism

Answer 9

Religion with its roots in the teachings of Abraham who is credited with uniting people to worship only one god. According to Jewish teaching, Abraham and God have a covenant in which the Jews agree to worship only one God, and God agrees to protect his chosen people, the Jews.

Question 10

Zionism

Answer 10

The movement to unite all Jewish people of the diaspora and to establish a national homeland for them in the promised land.

Question 11

Christianity

Answer 11

Religion based on the teachings of Jesus. According to Christian teaching, Jesus is the son of God, placed on the earth to teach how to live here on earth according to God’s plan.

Question 12

Eastern Orthodox Church

Answer 12

One of the three major branches of Christianity, the Eastern Orthodox Church, together with the Roman Catholic Church, a second of the three major branches of Christianity, arose out of division of the Roman Empire by Emperor Diocletian into four governmental regions: two western regions centered in Rome, and two eastern regions centered in Constantinople. In 1054 CE, Christianity was divided along the same line when the Eastern Orthodox Church, centered in Constantinople; and Roman Catholic Church, centered in Rome, split.

Question 13

Roman Catholic Church

Answer 13

same back story as Eastern Orthodox Church. Just remember that this one was in Rome and that it later split.

Question 14

Protestant Islam

Answer 14

One of the three major branches of Christianity. Following the widespread societal changes in Europe starting in the 1300 CE, many adherents to the Roman Catholic Church began to question the role of religion in their lives and opened the door to the Protestant reformation wherein John Huss, Marin Luther, John Calvin challenged many of the fundamental teachings of the Roman Catholic Church.

Question 15

Sunni

Answer 15

Adherents to the largest branch of Islam, called the orthodox or traditionalist. They believe in the effectiveness of family and communication in the solution of life’s problems, and they differ from the Shiites in accepting the traditions of Muhammad as authoritive,

Question 16

Shi’ite

Answer 16

Adherents of one of the two main divisions of Islam. Also known as Shiahs, the Shiites represent the Persian variation of Islam and believe in the infallibility and divine write to authority of the Imams, descendants of Ali.

Question 17

Indigenous religions

Answer 17

Religions belief system and philosophies practiced and traditionally passed down from generation to generation among peoples within indigenous tribes or goup.

Question 18

Shamanism

Answer 18

Community faith in tradition societies in which people follow their shaman- a religious leader, teacher, healer, and visionary. At times, an especially strong shaman might attract a regional following. However, most shamans remain a local figures.

Question 19

Pilgrimage

Answer 19

Voluntary travel by an adherent to a sacred site to pay respects or participate in a ritual at the site

Question 20

Hajj

Answer 20

The Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, the birthplace of Muhammad.

Question 21

Interfaith boundaries

Answer 21

Boundaries between the worlds major faiths

Question 22

Intrafaith boundaries

Answer 22

Boundaries between a single major faith.

Question 23

Ethnic cleansing

Answer 23

The systematic killing or extermination of an entire people or nation

Question 24

Activity space

Answer 24

The space in within which daily activity occurs

Question 25

Religious fundamentalist

Answer 25

Religious movements whose objectives are to return to the foundations of the faith and to influence state policy.

Question 26

Jihad

Answer 26

A doctrine within Islam. Commonly translated as “holy war”. Jihad represents either a personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up to the religious standards set up by qu’ran.

Question 27

Political geography

Answer 27

A subdivision of human geography focused on the nature and implementations of the evolving spatial organization of political governance and formal political practice on the earths surface.

Question 28

State

Answer 28

A politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government and is recognized by a significant portion of the international community. A state has a defined territory, a permanent population, a government, and is recognized by other states.

Question 29

Territory

Answer 29

System of political units came into being with fixed, distinct boundaries and at least a quasi-independent government.

Question 30

Territoriality

Answer 30

In political geography, a country’s or more local communities sense of property and attachment toward its territory, as expressed by its determination to keep it inviolable and strongly defended.

Question 31

Sovereignty

Answer 31

A principle of international relations that holds that final authority over social, economic, and political matters should rest with the legitimate rules of independent states.

Question 32

Mercantilism

Answer 32

In a general sense, associated with a promotion of commercialism and trade. More specifically, protectionist policy of European states during the sixteenth century to the eighteenth centuries that promoted a states economic position in the contest with other countries. The acquisition of gold and silver and maintenance of a favorable trade balance were central to the policy.

Question 33

Peace of Westphalia

Answer 33

Peace negotiated in 1648 to end the 30 years war, Europe’s most destructive internal struggle over religion. The treaties contained new language recognizing statehood and nationhood, clearly defined borders, and guarantees security.

Question 34

Nation

Answer 34

Legally, a term encompassing all the citizens of a state. Most definitions now tend to refer to a tightly knit group of people possessing bonds of language, ethnicity, religion and other shared cultural attributes, such as homogeneity actually prevails within very few states.

Question 35

Nation-state

Answer 35

Theoretically, a recognized member of the modern state system possessing formal sovereignty and occupied by a people who see themselves as a single, united nation. Most nations and states aspire to this form, but it is realized almost nowhere. Nonetheless, in common parlance, nation-state is used as a synonym for country or state.

Question 36

Democracy

Answer 36

Government based on the principle that the people are the ultimate sovereign and have the final say over what happens within a state.

Question 37

Colonialism

Answer 37

Rule by an autonomous power over a subordinate and alien people and place. Although often established and maintained through political structures, colonialism also creates unequal cultural and economic relations. Because of the magnitude and impact of the European colonial project of the last few centuries, the term is generally understood to refer to the particular colonial endeavor.

Question 38

World-systems theory

Answer 38

Theory originated by Immanuel Wallerstein and illuminated by his three-tier structure, proposing that social change in the developing world is intextricably linked to the economic activities of the developing world.

Question 39

Capitalism

Answer 39

Economic model wherein people, corporations, and states produce goods and exchange them on the world market, with the goal of achieving profit.

Question 40

Periphery

Answer 40

Processess that incorporate lower levels of education, lower salaries, and less technology and generate less wealth than core processess in the world economy.

Question 41

Semi periphery

Answer 41

Places where core and periphery processess are both occuring places that are exploited by the core but in turn exploit the periphery.

Question 42

religion

Answer 42

Defined by geographers Robert Stoddard and Carolyn Prorak in the book geography in america as “a system of beliefs and practices that attempts to order life in terms of culturally perceived ultimate priorities”.

Question 43

polytheistic religion

Answer 43

Belief system in which multiple deities are revered as creators and arbiters of all that exists in the universe.

Question 44

monotheistic religion

Answer 44

Belief system in which one supreme is revered as creator and arbiter of all that exists in the universe.

Question 45

secularism

Answer 45

The idea that ethical and moral standards should be formulated and adhered to for life on earth, not to accommodate the prescriptions of a deity and promises of a comfortable afterlife.