flashcards
(130 cards)
1
Q
Direct acting adrenergic agonist; effects differ at high and low doses; causes hyperglycemia; used in anesthetics,
A
Epinephrine
2
Q
Vasoconstriction including at kidney (α-1);
Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure increase, leading to a vagal mediated reflex bradycardia
A
Norepinephrine
3
Q
Direct acting adrenergic agonist — at low concentrations;
1 receptor leads to vasodilation — at higher concentrations a positive inotropic effect on the myocardium is seen (beta-1)
A
Dopamine
4
Q
selective D1 agonist
A
Fenoldopam
5
Q
Non-selective β-adrenergic agonist;
β1 -> increase in HR;
β2 -> vasodilation of skeletal muscles, alleviates acute attacks of asthma
A
Isoproterenol
6
Q
Selective β1-adrenergice agonist administered as a racemic mixture;
used to increase cardiac output in acute management of HF
A
Dobutamine
7
Q
β2-selective adrenergic agonist; contains a resorcinol ring so is not a substrate for COMT -> long acting;
USES: reduce uterine contractions in premature labor
A
Terbutaline
8
Q
β2-selective adrenergic agonist;
USES: inhalant to relieve bronchospasm
A
Albuterol
9
Q
β2-selective adrenergic agonist;
USES: inhalant to relieve bronchospasm with a long duration of action (12 hours)
A
Salmeterol
10
Q
β2-selective adrenergic agonist;
USES: inhalant to relieve bronchospasm with a long duration of action (12 hours)
A
Formoterol
11
Q
α1-selective adrenergic agonist; no direct effect on the heart, but induces reflex bradycardia when given parenterally; USES: nasal decongestant
A
Phenyleprine
12
Q
α2 agonist; centrally acting antihypertensive agent; decreases TPR and HR
A
Clonidine
13
Q
α2 agonist; centrally acting antihypertensive agent; decreases TPR and HR;
DOC in pregnancy;
ADR: positive coombs test
A
Methyldopa
14
Q
highly selective α2 agonist used to lower IOP in glaucoma
A
Brimonidine
15
Q
Displaces endogeous catecholamines from vesicles, weak inhibitor of MAO, blocks catecholamine reuptake
A
Amphetamine
16
Q
used to treat ADHD, analogue of amphetamine
A
Methylphenidate
17
Q
Found in fermented foods; degraded by liver MAO-A; displaces the mobile pool
A
Tyramine
18
Q
stimulates α and beta receptors and releases NE;
poor substrate for COMT and MAO, use is declining
A
Ephedrine
19
Q
component of many decongestant mixtures; enantiomer of ephedrine
A
Pseudoephedrine
20
Q
Nonselective α antagonist; noncompetitive inhibitor;
DOC for Rx of pheochromocytoma
A
Phenoxybenzamine
21
Q
Nonselective α antagonist; competitive inhibitor;
Dx of pheochromocytoma
A
Phentolamine
22
Q
Selective α1 antagonist; useful in the treatment of hypertension, no reflex tachycardia, shows a favorable effect on plasma lipids;
ADR : orthostatic hypertension
A
Prazosin
23
Q
Selective α1 antagonist; approved for HTN and BPH;
ADR: orthostatic hypertension
A
Terazosin
Doxazosin
24
Q
Selective α1 antagonist; Approved for BPH, little affect on blood pressure;
ADR: orthostatic hypertension
A
Tamsulosin
25
α2 receptor blocker; leads to increased release of NE
Yohimbine
26
Non-selective β blocker; sedative side effects
Propranolol
27
non-selective β blocker; long duration of action
Nadolol
28
non-selective β blocker; particularly useful in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma
Timolol
29
elective β1 adrenergic antagonist; useful for HTN
Atenolol
| Metoprolol
30
selective β1 adrenergic antagonist; very-short acting
Esmolol
31
α1 and β-blocker; useful in treating HTN associated with pheochromocytoma
Labetalol
32
α1 and β-blocker
Carvedilol
33
Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity; partial β agonist
Pindolol
34
Prevent deamination of catecholamines
MAO inhibitor
35
Blocker of monoamine reuptake
Cocaine
36
competitive inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase
α-Methyltyrosine
37
Irreversibly damages VMAT
Reserpine
38
Displaces NE from transmitter vesicles leading to depletion of NE
Guanethidine
39
Little to no nicotinic activity; strong muscarinic activity;
USED: post-operative paralytic ileus
Bethanecol
40
Both muscarinic and nicotinic agonist; USED to obtain miosis following surgery
Carbachol
41
Muscarinic agonist; diagnosis of bronchial airway hyperreactivity
Metacholine
42
Prevents mast cell degranulation
Uses: Prophylaxis of asthma only (ineffective during attack)
Cromolyn
43
First generation H1 receptor antagonist
Chlorpheniramine
44
antihistamine (trade name Benadryl) used to treat allergic reactions involving the nasal passages (hay fever) and also to treat motion sickness
Diphenhydramine
45
First generation H1 receptor antagonist
```
Dimenhydrinate
Doxylamine
Hydroxyzine
Mecclizine
Promethazine
```
46
Second generation H1 receptor antagonist
Fexofenadine
Cetirizine
Acrivastine
Loratadine
47
blood levels are significantly increased by grapefruit juice which inhibits the actions of CYP3A4
Terfenadine
48
H2 Receptor Antagonists
Use: Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion
Tox: Inhibits cytochrome P450, binds to androgen receptors with antiandrogenic effects
Cimetidine
49
H2 Receptor Antagonist, a histamine blocker and antacid (trade name Zantac) used to treat peptic ulcers and gastritis and esophageal reflux
Ranitidine
50
H2 Receptor Antagonists, a histamine blocker (trade name Pepcid) used to treat peptic ulcers and gastritis and esophageal reflux
Famotidine
51
H2 Receptor Antagonists
| Use: Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion
Nizatidine
52
Quaternary ammoniun; AChE inhibitor;
| Uses: Reversal of effects of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers after surgery
Neostigmine
53
Quaternary ammonium; AChE inhibitor
| Uses: treatment of myasthenia gravis
Pyridostigmine
54
AchE inhibitor. Used for Alzheimer's symptoms to increase Ach in frontal cortex.
Donepezil
Galantamine
Tacrine
55
Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness; unusual effect: blocks short-term memory
Scopolamine
56
Quaternary ammonium derivative of atropine;
| Uses: useful in asthma and COPD in patients unable to take adrenergic agonists
Ipratropium
57
Bronchodilator in the treatment of COPD
Tiotropium
58
mydriasis with cycloplegia; shorter acting than atropine
Homatropine
Cyclopentolate
Tropicamine
59
used to treat parkinsonsims and the extrapyramidal effects of antipsychotic drugs; tertiary-amine muscarinic antagonist
Benztropine
60
nondepolarizing blocker at the NMJ; competitive antagonist
Tubocurarine
61
acts like ACh to cause depolarization of the end plate, causes desensitization of receptors
Adverse: Malignant hyperthermia (one of the most common causes of death due to anesthesia)
Succinylcholine
62
ACE inhibitor. Used for hypertension and treating heart failure. Blocks the formation of angiotensin results in vasodilation.
Adverse: dry, chronic cough
Captopril
Enalapril
Lisinopril
63
Potent inhibitor of the cellular Na/K pump;
| Positive inotropic effect with a negative chronotropic effect, does not increase survival time
Digoxin
64
Prodrug that must be converted to ethinyl estradiol and acts with progestins as a combined oral contraceptive
Mestranol
65
Progestin with low androgenic activity;
| Used as a progestin-only contraceptive pill; NO RISK of thromboembolic events
Norethindrone
66
Progestin used in oral contraceptives with very high androgenic activity
Norgestrel
| Levonorgestrel: Plan B
67
Progestin used as a combined oral contraceptive with an antiandrogenic activity
Drospirenone
68
inducer of hepatic P450 enzymes and increases metabolism of estrogen, MUST warn patient she is taking hormonal contraceptives
Rifampin
69
Antiepileptic; P450 inducer
Phenytoin
70
unscheduled bleeding and spotting are common when taking this class of contraceptives
Progestins
71
Trade name Implanon and injected under the skin
| Adverse: irregular menstrual bleeding
Etonorgestrel
72
Partial muscarinic agonist; stable to hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase
Pilocarpine
73
in low doses will act as a ganglion depolarizer
Nicotine
74
Quaternary ammonium compound, used in Dx of MG, reversal of non-depolarizing NMJ blockade
Edrophonium
75
inhibition of sweat glands may cause high body temperature and a cutaneous vasodilation;
Antidote for poisoning d/t muscarine from Amanita muscaria; inhibition of bronchial secretions prior to surgery
Atropine
76
Should be used with caution in patients with BPH
Antimuscarinic agents
77
Antagonism of nicotinic repector, acts as a ganglion blocker
Hexamethonium
| Mecamylamine
78
May lead to malignant hyperthermia due to excessive release of Ca from the SR
Depolarizing NMJ blockers
79
Blocks release of Ca from SR; used in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene
80
Can be used to treat hyperhydrosis when injected subcutaneously
Botulinum toxin
81
given to reverse the excessive anticoagulation action of heparin is bleeding has occurred
Protamine sulfate
82
synthetic pentasaccharide which binds to antithrombin III and accelerates its action
USES: approved for once-daily SC injection treatment of DVT
Fondaparinaux
83
Exert anticoagulant effect by directly binding to the active site of thrombin (factor IIa)
Direct thrombin inhibitors
84
Recombinant peptide that functions independently from antithrombin III and is able to inactivate fibrin-bound thrombin;
Monitored by using the aPTT
Lepirudin
85
Most popular derivative of the powerful leech produced thrombin inhibitor
Bivalirudin
86
Small molecule thrombin inhibitor
Argatroban
87
Powerful thrombin inhibitor produced naturally by leeches
Hirudin
88
Inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase therefore produces inactive clotting factors;
Drug to choose when any kind of drug interaction is the question and you can't remember;
monitored with the prothrombin time
Warfarin
89
Clotting Factor with a short Half life
Factor VII
90
older thrombolytics, accelerate conversion from plasminogen to plasmin
-okinase
91
newer thrombolytics, accelerate conversion from plasminogen to plasmin
-teplase
92
Combines with plasminogen to catalyze conversion of plasminogen into plasmin, produced by B-hemolytic strept
Streptokinase
93
Human enzyme produced by the kidney, approved for lysis of pulmonary emboli
Urokinase
94
Tissue plasminogen activator (t-Pa)
USES: indicated for management of acute MI & acute ischemic stroke;
note: NOT hemorrhagic stroke
Alteplase
95
Inhibits plasminogen activation, opposite affect to the thrombolytics
Aminocaproic acid
96
Used to correct the bleeding tendency or hemorrhage associated with warfarin;
Prior to delivery mothers receiving anticonvulsants should be treated with...
Vitamin K
97
Immediate treatment for hypoprothrombinemia
FFP
98
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor;
-statin
99
Trade-name Lipitor;
competitive inhibitor of the first committed step of cholesterol biosynthesis; leads to upregulation of LDL receptors
Atorvastatin
100
2 most potent HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Atorvastatin
| Rosuvastatin
101
Contraindicated in Pregnancy
ARB
ACE inhibitors
statins
Warfarin
102
Inhibitors of ACE, used in the treatment of hypertension
-pril
103
Significantly increases levels of HDL while decreasing levels of VLDL, LDL and Lp(a)
Vitamin B3
| Niacin
104
Administration of which drug with niacin can prevent or decrease the niacin flush?
Aspirin: blocks prostaglandin production
105
Lower VLDL and increase HDL
Gemfibrozil
| Fenofibrate
106
Adverse reactions include lithiasis by increasing biliary cholesterol excretion
Fibrates
107
Useful only in hyperlipidemias involving isolated increases in LDL
CHOLE/COLE
108
Falls into the class of drugs which are the DOC for pregnant women and children to decrease LDL
Cholestyramine
109
Contraindicated in hypertryglyceridemia
Colestipol
110
Inhibits cholesterol and phytosterol absorption, primarily used to lower LDL
Ezetimibe
111
lack 3'OH leading to termination of DNA elongation; act as competitive inhibitors
NRTI
112
Thymidine analog, termination of DNA elongation, crosses BBB
Zidovudine (ZDV)
113
Thymidine analog;
ADR: peripheral neuropathy
Stavudine (d4T)
114
Guanosine analog;
ADR: Pancreatitis and peripheral neuropathy
Didanosine (ddl)
115
Guanosine analog;
ADE: ONLY NRTI with sig. drug interactions; increases [didanosine] and decreases [atazanavir]
Tenofovir (TDF)
116
Cytidine analog;
DOES NOT affect mitochondrial DNA or bone marrow precursor cells
Lamivudine (3TC)
117
Guanosine analog;
ADE: hypersensitivity rxn; sensitized pt. should NEVER be re challenged
Abacavir (ABC)
118
noncompetitive inhibitors of HIV-1 RT;
lack activity against HIV-2;
all are CYP3A4 substrates
ADE: high incidence of hypersensitivity rxns
NNRTI
119
Preferred NNRTI with once daily dosing; potent inducer of CYP P450;
CI: pregnancy cat. D
Efavirenz
120
PIs with serious ADE: severe and fatal hepatitis; fatal and nonfatal intracranial hemorrhages
Tipranavir (TPV)
121
DOC for the Rx of invasive amebiasis d/t E. histolytica;
Used in the Rx of Giardia, Trichomoniasis, and H. Pylori;
Disulfiram-like rxn
Metronidazole
122
Luminal antiamebic
Diloxanide furoate
123
Luminal antiamebic with risk of dev. optic neuritis with long term use
Iodoquinol
124
Aminoglycoside used to Rx luminal forms of E. histolytica
Paromomycin
125
Used in combination with metronidazole and diloxanide furoate to eleminate liver abscesses
Chloroquine
126
inhibits microtuble synthesis and glucose uptake
Albendazole
127
DOC for most infections due to Nematodes; should be taken with a high fat meal
Mebendazole
128
use for the Rx of strongyloidiasis
Thiabendazole
129
DOC for Rx of onchocerciasis and cutaneous larva migrans, as well as strongyloidiasis;
MOA - GABA agonist; Cl- influx increases leading to hyperpolarization and paralysis;
Antiparasitic contraindicated in meningitis
Ivermectin
130
β2 agonist; used in premature labour; relaxation of the uterus
Ritodrine
