Flashcards

Question 1

According to solution-focused therapy, and constructionist learning theory, languages creates

Answer 1

Reality

Question 2

_____ help clients widen their lens to view more possible choices of action

Answer 2

Therapist

Question 3

A Bowenian therapist assumes the role of

Answer 3

an active coach and advisor

Question 4

According to hierarchical structure structural therapy, children and adult differ in how much ___ they have

Answer 4

Authority

Question 5

According to Winnicott, an extreme split between the true self and false self results in ___

Answer 5

Dysfunction

Question 6

Stage two in the psychosexual development of a child by which the focus is on learning independence, personal power and autonomy. During this stage is when the child begins to experience negative feelings

Answer 6

Anal Stage

Question 7

When an organism responds to a threat that is either real or imagined. Equivalent to increased reactivity within a system. Increased anxiety can result from increased reactivity.

Answer 7

Anxiety

Question 8

Emotional tie formed between people, especially between a child and the primary caregiver- an infant who is attached to a caregiver exhibits distress when separated from the caregiver.

Answer 8

Attachment

Question 9

Personalized perceptions that are automatically triggered by an event or experience resulting in an emotional response.

Answer 9

Automatic thoughts

Question 10

He was one of the most well known psychologists in behaviorism. he invented the “Skinner Box” to demonstrate his theory of Operant Conditioning.

Answer 10

B.F. Skinner

Question 11

The functioning that is not reliant on the emotional driven relationship process resulting in a person’s emotional separation from his/her family of origin

Answer 11

basic level of differentiation

Question 12

A method or theory of learning that is focused on the stimulus and responses of behavior.

Answer 12

Behaviorism

Question 13

A technique often utilized in feminist therapy in which the therapist provides reading material to the clients as a supplement to the sessions. The goal is for the clients to build upon their own expertise and to diffuse the power difference between the client and therapist.

Answer 13

Bibliotherapy

Question 14

In Bowen terms. the boundary between self and others –family system – determines the level of fusion and differentiation

Answer 14

Boundaries

Question 15

Thinking about a situation with a focus on the worst possible outcomes

Answer 15

Catastrophizing

Question 16

Events and behaviors are interconnected through repeating and interacting feedback loops and cycles- in a family system, the behavior of each family member affects and is affected by the behavior of other family members

Answer 16

Circular causality

Question 17

Events have reciprocal effects on each other - they are related through interrelated loops- as opposed to linearity

Answer 17

Circularity

Question 18

Used in Milan Model-circular questions are seen as a major source of information, suggestion and validation etc. It is a fundamental concept in that it is used to devise questioning and transform linear, casual chains of thought into reciprocal, interdependent world views

Answer 18

Circular questioning

Question 19

A method of learning by pairing a neutral–conditioned– stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus which then that induces a reflex or response. Eventually the neutral–conditioned–stimulus evokes the reflex or response whether the unconditional stimulus is present or not.

Answer 19

Classical conditioning

Question 20

This type of system is not open to exchange of information or material with other systems, including the environment-ultimately, the system is depleted of energy and progresses towards entropy

Answer 20

Closed system

Question 21

Alliances between two people against a third, In a family system these unions are typically cross-generational. For example, a parent and child consistently side against the other parent or a child and grandparent operate against a parent

Answer 21

Coalitions

Question 22

The theory that moods, behaviors and emotions are effected and shaped by one’s perception of the event

Answer 22

Cognitive theory

Question 23

A goal or value that provides a feeling of belonging and unity. In group therapy, beginning to build cohesion is the task of the first group session- An example of group cohesion is trust of others in the group. In families, family cohesion involves emotional connectedness among family members

Answer 23

Cohesion

Question 24

The response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus resulting from pairing a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus, thus classical conditioning

Answer 24

Conditioned response

Question 25

A neutral stimulus that is paired with an unconditioned stimulus in classical conditioning

Answer 25

Conditioned stimulus

Question 26

Constancy loop or morphostatic loop are alternative names for a ___ feedback loop

Answer 26

Negative

Question 27

____ feedback loops help maintain homeostasis in a system

Answer 27

Negative

Question 28

Developed by Ivan Boszmormenyi-Nagy- a system of family therapy focused on relational ethics-includes construct of 'indirect loyalties'

Answer 28

Contextual Therapy

Question 29

The unconscious responses of the therapist to the client's transference

Answer 29

Countertransference

Question 30

The study of the flow of information within self-regulating systems especially closed systems- includes study of positive and negative feedback loops- has been applied to family systems

Answer 30

Cybernetics

Question 31

This technique is based in a postmodern approach to family therapy- involves helping clients scrutinize and challenge their assumptions and entrenched beliefs and then come up with newer, more adaptive interpretations of significance- in narrative family therapy, this is breaking apart unproductive stories

Answer 31

Deconstruction

Question 32

In order cope with a traumatic situation that is too painful to mentally digest, one distorts or reject thoughts, feeling or perceptions. As a result, not facing the reality of the threatening situation

Answer 32

Denial

Question 33

The process by which an individual doesn't allow him/herself to be pulled into a conflict between two other persons. The person remains an observer as opposed to an active participant in the conflict

Answer 33

Detriangling

Question 34

In this process, an individual separates himself/herself from the emotional field of two others

Answer 34

Detriangulation

Question 35

One's ability to maintain a healthy separation from the family system through a balanced dependency on others and avoidance of fusion with family emotions. Believed to be the avenue to transforming family relationships. Individuality while still staying emotionally connected with the group or family.

Answer 35

Differentiation of Self

Question 36

Structural family therapy. When boundaries between self and others are not clearly defined, or healthy limitations are not set. Instead limitations are blurred and fusion or low differentiation results.

Answer 36

Diffuse boundaries

Question 37

When one directs energy from a threatening object or person to another object or person that is perceived safer as a way to manage their anxiety

Answer 37

Displacement

Question 38

One of the founders of communication theory. Established the Mental Research Institute in Palo Alto, California

Answer 38

Don jackson

Question 39

A result of paradoxical injunctions. Within the context of a relationship, a person is given contradictory, mutually exclusive message with the same level of importance so that he or she cannot possibly avoid displeasing the person who is giving the messages.

Answer 39

Double Bind

Question 40

Each system is a ___ of other, greater systems

Answer 40

Subsystem

Question 41

The aspect of the personality that strives for the external world of reality and operates under realistic and logical thinking. It balances instincts with the outside world, censoring the way the id expresses desires so that it is acceptable to the external world.

Answer 41

Ego

Question 42

Bowen family therapy. A family member emotionally or physically distances to separates him or herself from the family system. The individual is unable to differentiate successfully and therefore withdraws completely from the family.

Answer 42

Emotional cutoff

Question 43

He was one of the most well known psychologist in behaviorism. he invented the "Skinner Box" to demonstrate his theory to Operant Conditioning

Answer 43

B. F. Skinner

Question 44

One of the founders of Behavioral Therapy. He established the psychological school of behaviorism. He was known for conducting the controversial "Little Albert" experiment to reveal evidence of Classical Conditioning amongst infants and children

Answer 44

John B. Watson

Question 45

He developed Behavioral therapy and was the first psychologist to apply desensitization techniques for treating phobias in therapy

Answer 45

Arnold Lazarus

Question 46

Through his experiments and study of a dog's digestive system, Pavlov discovered the stimulus response connection to learned behavior. Therefore, developed the theory known now as Classical Conditioning

Answer 46

Ivan Pavlov

Question 47

He was the major figure in the development of family therapy. His theory focused on the multigenerational transmission process by which levels of differentiation within the family was passed down to next generation. He believed one's ability to differentiate from the emotional reactivity of the family was the key to achieving a healthy balance of togetherness and individuality

Answer 47

Murray Bowen

Question 48

What Bowen also referred to as the "pretend self". The self that is molded by the beliefs and values of the family system and easily reshaped by positions then by others

Answer 48

Pseudo-Self

Question 49

REBT

Answer 49

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

Question 50

A process where by one identifies the irrational beliefs, causing negative emotions and substituting them with positive alternatives by disputing the irrational ones. therefore altering one's emotions and moods and subsequently feeling better. developed by Albert Ellis

Answer 50

REBT

Question 51

A method from REBT utilized to make the connections between (A) the activating event, (B) the belief around the event, and the (C) the emotional and behavioral consequences of the belief. REBT adds, (D) disputing the irrational beliefs and (E) the emotional result of replacing it with a rational one.

Answer 51

A-B-C- Theory

Question 52

The actual content of a message

Answer 52

Report

Question 53

A Suggestion about the meaning relating to the content

Answer 53

Command