Flashcards from GC

Question 1

What is the purpose of the CPU?

Answer 1

To process instructions and manage data in a computer

Question 2

What is the name of the architecture that stores programs and data in the same memory?

Answer 2

Von Neumann architecture

Question 3

What happens to the Program Counter as soon as an instruction has been fetched?

Answer 3

It is incremented to point to the next instruction

Question 4

What happens in the Program Counter when the next instruction is copied to the MAR?

Answer 4

The PC increments to the next instruction

Question 5

What is the function of the address bus?

Answer 5

Transmits the address between the processor and memory

Question 6

What is the function of a data bus?

Answer 6

Transmits data between the processor, memory and input-output devices

Question 7

What is the function of a control bus?

Answer 7

Transmits signals of the processor to control the memory and peripheral devices

Question 8

List the registers used in von Neumann architecture

Answer 8

MAR, MDR, ACC, PC and CIR

Question 9

What are the steps involved in a READ operation?

Answer 9

Address→MAR; Read signal is sent by processor; Data→MDR

Question 10

What are the steps involved in a WRITE operation?

Answer 10

Data→MDR; Address→MAR; Write signal is sent by processor

Question 11

What does a processor consist of?

Answer 11

ALU (Arithmetic and Logic unit) and Control Unit (CU)

Question 12

What is the function of an ALU?

Answer 12

Performs arithmetic and logic operations

Question 13

What is the function of a CU?

Answer 13

Controls the memory, processor and input-output devices

Question 14

List the registers of a CU.

Answer 14

CIR (Current Instruction Register) and PC (Program Counter)

Question 15

What are the steps involved in a fetch operation?

Answer 15

Address of next instruction→PC; PC→MAR; Instruction→MDR; MDR→CIR; Value of PC incremented

Question 16

What are images made of?

Answer 16

Tiny elements called pixels (picture elements)

Question 17

What are bitmaps?

Answer 17

A type of image made of an organised grid of coloured squares called pixels

Question 18

What happens to image quality when bitmaps are scaled?

Answer 18

Image loses quality

Question 19

What are vectors?

Answer 19

A type of image that uses coordinates and geometrical shapes such as lines and curves to define an image

Question 20

What happens to image quality when vectors are scaled?

Answer 20

Image quality is not lost

Question 21

How are bitmap images displayed?

Answer 21

Images are displayed as a grid of pixels

Question 22

How are vector images displayed?

Answer 22

A vector image is rasterised or converted to a grid of pixels for display

Question 23

What is colour depth?

Answer 23

Colour depth is the number of bits used to indicate different colours of a pixel

Question 24

How many different colours can be represented by a n-bit system?

Answer 24

2n different colours

Question 25

True or False: With the increase in colour depth, the size of the file decreases.

Answer 25

False. With the increase in colour depth, the size of the file also increases

Question 26

What is resolution?

Answer 26

Resolution is the number of pixels or dots in a unit

Question 27

What units measure resolution?

Answer 27

Dots per inch or pixel per inch

Question 28

How do you estimate size of an image file?

Answer 28

Width (pixels) × height (pixels) × colour depth (bits per pixel)

Question 29

What is metadata?

Answer 29

Metadata is ‘data about data’

Question 30

List some information stored by metadata of an image file.

Answer 30

Filename and format, dimensions, resolution & colour depth of the image, date and place when the photo was taken, and camera settings

Question 31

What is an analogue signal?

Answer 31

Information in the form of continuous varying data is an analogue signal

Question 32

What is sampling?

Answer 32

Sampling is the process that converts analogue sound into discrete digital data that can be stored in a computer

Question 33

What factors affect the audio quality of digital sound?

Answer 33

Sampling rate, bit depth and bit rate

Question 34

What is a sampling rate?

Answer 34

The sampling rate is the number of samples taken per second

Question 35

What is the unit for measuring a sampling rate?

Answer 35

Hertz (Hz)

Question 36

True or false: The higher the sampling rate, the higher the sound detail.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What is bit depth?

Answer 37

Bit depth is the number of bits available for each sample

Question 38

What values does a CD represent?

Answer 38

CD can represent values from 0 to 65535 (2^16 - 1)

Question 39

What is PCM?

Answer 39

PCM is the process for digitising a sound file and creating an uncompressed file

Question 40

What is a bit rate?

Answer 40

Bit rate is the number of bits of data used to store data sampled every second

Question 41

How is the bit rate calculated?

Answer 41

Bit rate = Sampling rate × bit depth × channels

Question 42

What unit is used to calculate the bit rate?

Answer 42

Kilobits per second (kbps)

Question 43

True or False: The more the bit rate the lesser the quality.

Answer 43

False. The more the bit rate the better the quality

Question 44

Why is the audio quality of a music CD better than downloading from Internet?

Answer 44

The bit rate of a music CD is higher than downloading from Internet

Question 45

True or False: The more the bit rate the higher the file size.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

How is a file size of an audio file calculated?

Answer 46

File size (bits) = bit rate × number of seconds

Question 47

What is the bit depth of a CD?

Answer 47

16 bits

Question 48

What is the bit depth of a DVD?

Answer 48

24 bits

Question 49

What is the Denary system?

Answer 49

A number system with a base value of 10. It counts in multiples of 10

Question 50

What is a Binary system?

Answer 50

A number system with a base of 2. It counts in the multiples of 2

Question 51

Define Bit

Answer 51

The unit of memory that is used to store a binary digit

Question 52

1 kilobyte (1 kB) is equal to how many bytes?

Answer 52

1000 bytes

Question 53

Define nibble.

Answer 53

The unit of memory that is used to store 4 binary digits

Question 54

1 mebibyte (1 MiB) is equal to how many bytes?

Answer 54

1024^2 bytes

Question 55

1 gigabyte (1 GB) is equal to how many bits?

Answer 55

8,000,000,000 bits

Question 56

1 terabyte (1 TB) is equal to how many bytes?

Answer 56

1,000,000,000,000 bytes

Question 57

1 terabyte (1 TB) is equal to how many gigabytes?

Answer 57

1000 GB

Question 58

How many binary combinations are possible in a n-bit system?

Answer 58

2^n binary combinations

Question 59

What is an overflow error?

Answer 59

An error that occurs when the maximum storage capacity of a register is exceeded

Question 60

True or False: Binary equivalent of 8 shifted to left by one place is the binary equivalent of 4

Answer 60

False. It is the binary equivalent of 16

Question 61

What is sign bit?

Answer 61

The leftmost bit that is used to represent sign. 0 = positive, 1 = negative

Question 62

What is the smallest number that can be represented using 8 signed bits?

Answer 62

-127

Question 63

What is the largest number that can be represented using 8 signed bits?

Answer 63

127

Question 64

What is two’s complement?

Answer 64

A method to represent negative numbers. Invert bits of the number and add 1

Question 65

What is a hexadecimal system?

Answer 65

Number system with base 16

Question 66

What is the hexadecimal value for the denary number 10?

Answer 66

A

Question 67

What is the hexadecimal value for the denary number 15?

Answer 67

F

Question 68

Define nibble.

Answer 68

The unit of memory that is used to store 4 binary digits

Question 69

Complete: Each __________ is represented as a digit in the hexadecimal system.

Answer 69

nibble

Question 70

What are the applications of a hexadecimal system?

Answer 70

Defining colours (RGB), MAC addresses, assembly code, and URLs

Question 71

What is a MAC address?

Answer 71

A unique address stored in device hardware that identifies a network device

Question 72

Complete: A MAC address is made of ______ bits.

Answer 72

48

Question 73

What does the first half of a MAC address represent?

Answer 73

Manufacturer ID