Flaws

Question 1

mantras for finding flaws

Answer 1

The author fails to consider that…

The author takes for granted that…

Question 2

fail to consider

Answer 2

forgetting to think about something that is key to have in mind

Question 3

takes for granted

Answer 3

assuming some sort of connection between elements that doesn’t actually exist

Question 4

main categories of flaws

Answer 4

piece ≠ puzzle
apples ≠ oranges
1 + 1 ≠ 3

Question 5

piece ≠ puzzle

Answer 5

overreaching when trying to justify a conclusion by using evidence that turns out to be just one part of a larger picture

Question 6

types of piece ≠ puzzle flaws

Answer 6

overvaluing a trait
overvaluing an opinion
using a small sample set

Question 7

overvaluing a trait

Answer 7

To put too much emphasis on a particular characteristic in reaching a conclusion

Question 8

overvaluing an opinion

Answer 8

To make an assumption that something is true because someone said so

Question 9

using a small sample set

Answer 9

to reach a general consensus based on evidence from a limited portion of whatever group or system that is being discussed

Question 10

apples ≠ oranges

Answer 10

the author treats two things as the same or similar enough when they are clearly not

Question 11

types of apples ≠ oranges flaws

Answer 11

falsely equating subject matter
falsely equating characteristics
falsely equating relationships

Question 12

falsely equating subject matter

Answer 12

to assume that what is true or false about one topic is true or false about another topic

Question 13

falsely equating characteristics

Answer 13

to assume that a characteristic mentioned is the same as another in an argument

Question 14

falsely equating relationships

Answer 14

to assume that the relationship between elements in the premise equates to the relationship mentioned in the conclusion

Question 15

types of 1 + 1 ≠ 3 flaws

Answer 15

context issues
reasoning issues
correlation ≠ causation

Question 16

context issues

Answer 16

the argument fails to consider the potential differences in context that the situation in the premise and the situation in the conclusion operate under

Question 17

reasoning issues

Answer 17

to jump to a conclusion or equating things that should not be equated

Question 18

correlation ≠ causation

Answer 18

to assume that correlated elements have a causal relationship

Question 19

sufficient condition

Answer 19

a trait that is enough to justify the conclusion of an argument, but does not have to occur for the conclusion to be reached

Question 20

necessary condition

Answer 20

a trait that is required for the conclusion of an argument to be reached, but does not justify the conclusion

Question 21

mistaking necessary for sufficient

Answer 21

error in which a trait that is required for a conclusion is mistaken to justify that conclusion

Question 22

mistaking sufficient for necessary

Answer 22

error in which a trait that justifies a conclusion is mistaken to be required for the conclusion to occur