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Parasitology > Flies and Myiasis > Flashcards

Flies and Myiasis Flashcards

1
Q

what is another name for flies?

A

diptera

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2
Q

how many pairs of wings do adult flies have?

A

1 pair

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3
Q

do all flies have wings?

A

absent in some parasitic flies

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4
Q

what do adults of all Diptera spp. have?

A

1 pair of Haltere

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5
Q

what are haltere?

A

modified hindwings

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6
Q

what is the arrow pointing to?

A
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7
Q

what are the 3 main groups of Diptera/flies?

A

Nematocera
Brachycera
Cyclorrhapha

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8
Q

what do all 3 of the main groups of Diptera have?

A

biting mouthparts, all hematophagous species

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9
Q

what type of metamorphosis do flies have?

A

holometabolous
egg -> larva -> pupa -> adult

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10
Q

define myiasis

A

infection with fly larvae

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11
Q

what group of flies have larvae that feed on host animal tissues?

A

cyclorrhaphans

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12
Q

what is the clinical importance of biting flies? (what do they do to the host)

A

-painful/irritating bites disrupt normal behaviors
-inflammation -> pruritis & dermatitis ->scratching, rubbing, biting
-sometimes severe blood loss
-pathogens transmitted

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13
Q

what is the clinical importance of non-biting flies? (what do they do to the host)

A

-annoy animals and disrupt normal behavior
-spines on mouth parts irritate/damage mucuous membranes
-transmission of pathogens

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14
Q

what is the clinical importance of myiasis? (what do they do to the host)

A

-tissue destruction: mild to severe to fatal
-obstruction: respiratory passages, GI tract

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15
Q

where can you find flies on or expelled from the host?

A

adults/on near host
larvae on/in host
larvae expelled in feces (horse bots) or from nose (nasal bots)
eggs on host (botflies)

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16
Q

How do you get the taxonomic ID of flies?

A

preserve in 70% ethanol - adults, larvae, and eggs of common species can be identified using pictorial keys

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17
Q

what does a comprehensive control program do?

A

-reduce host exposure to adult flies - eliminate eggs/larvae on or in hosts
-control existing environmental infestation (all life cycle stage)
-prevent subsequent re-infestations of host and/or environment

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18
Q

what is the treatment and prevention of adult flies?

A

-insecticides
-oral insect growth regulators -> disrupt life cycle
-repellants, fly masks, smudge pots, etc.
-shelter animals during peak hours of fly activity and limit their exposure to fly-infested habitats

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19
Q

what is the treatment and prevention of myiasis?

A

-insecticides
-macrocyclic lactones
-physical removal from host, cleaning/debridement of wounds

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20
Q

what is the prevention for horse bot eggs?

A

scrape eggs off host or apply warm water + insecticide

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21
Q

what is something that you need to be aware of when treating and preventing infections of flies?

A

-toxicities
-chemicals not approved for use in lactating dairy cows

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22
Q

what are some methods of environmental control? (broad)

A

-removal of larval habitat
-chemical control
-biological control
-non-chemical methods
-monitoring

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23
Q

what types of chemical control can you do for environmental control of flies?

A

adult flies - insecticides
larvae - insecticides, insect growth regulators

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24
Q

what type of biological control can you do for environmental control of flies?

A

-parasitoid wasps -> pupae of cyclorrhapans
-Bacillus thuringinesis -> larval stages

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25
Q

what type of non-chemical methods can you do for environmental control of flies?

A

-adult flies - screens, fly traps, flypaper, zappers
-mosquito larvae - modification of aquatic habitats (source reduction)

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26
Q

what type of monitoring methods can you do for environmental control of flies?

A

-standard, quantitative methods for monitoring fly numbers -> control decisions
-fly traps, spot cards, counting flies on sample of animals

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27
Q

what flies are classified as Nematocera?

A

-Mosquitoes
-Blackflies
-Midges
-sandflies

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28
Q

what Nematocera is a vector for canine heartworm and plasmodium?

A

Culicidae (mosquitoes)

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29
Q

what can culicidae cause in felines?

A

feline mosquito bite hypersensitivity

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30
Q

what family do the following genera belong to Aedes, Anopheles, Culex?

A

Culicidae/mosquito

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31
Q

what type of fly does the Simulium genera belong to?

A

blackflies

32
Q

what Nematocera is a vector for filariod nematodes, Leucocytozoan spp., and vesicular stomatitis virus?

A

blackflies

33
Q

what can cause simuliotoxocosis in equids, ruminants, swine, and birds?

A

Simuliidae - blackflies

34
Q

what family does Culicoides spp. belong to?

A

Midges

35
Q

what Nematocera is a vector for filarioid nematodes, Leucocytozoon, Haemorproteus, and viruses like bluetounge, and african horse sickness ?

A

Midges

36
Q

what can cause equine allergic dermatitis?

A

midges

37
Q

what family does Lutzomyia and Phlebotomus belong to?

A

Sandflies

38
Q

what Nematocera is a vector for Leishmania spp. and vesicular stomatitis virus?

A

Sandlifes

39
Q

what flies are classified as Brachycera? (laymans name & scientific name)

A

horseflies and deerflies

40
Q

what family does Tabanus spp. and Chrysops spp. belong to?

A

Horseflies and deerflies

41
Q

what flies are vectors for filaroid nematodes, Trypansoma spp, francisella tularenis, anaplasma marginale, bacillus anthracis, equine infectious anemia, and WEEV?

A

Horseflies and deerflies

42
Q

what are the Cyclorrhapha biting flies?

A

Horn flies - Haematobia spp.
Stable flies - Stomoxys spp.
Keds or louse flies
Tsestes flies

43
Q

where do horn flies reside?

A

adults live on cattle

44
Q

what happens to the cattle when horn flies are feeding frequently on cattle?

A

heavy production losses

45
Q

what fly transmits the pathogens Stephanofilaria stilesi and Staphlyoccus aureus?

A

horn flies- Haematobia spp.

46
Q

what fly resembles the house fly and torments cattle, equids, and many other mammals?

A

stable flies - Stomoxys spp.

47
Q

what fly transmits the pathogens spirurid nematodes (equids), bovine anaplasmosis, equine infectious anemia?

A

stable flies - Stomoxys spp

48
Q

which fly is the dorsoventrally flattened, has no wings, and is a parasites of birds, ruminants, equids, and other mammals?

A

Keds of louse flies (Hippoboscidae)

49
Q

what fly is known as Melophagus ovinus, is wingless, and transmist Trypanosoma melophagium?

A

sheep ked fly

50
Q

what flies have the genus Glossina spp. and are restricted to africa?

A

Tseste flies (Glossinidae)

51
Q

what fly is a vector of trypanosoma brucei which leads to nagana and sleeping sickness?

A

Tsetse flies (Glossinidae)

52
Q

what are the cyclorrhapha non-biting flies?

A

face fly - Musca autumnalis
housefly - M. domestica

53
Q

what fly needs on the ocular/nasal discharge of cattle and other livestock?

A

face fly

54
Q

what fly is a vector for spirurid nematodes and Morazella bovis?

A

face fly

55
Q

what fly is the most abundant insect pest associated with livestock, poultry, and people?

A

Housefly (M. doestica, Muscidae)

56
Q

what fly feeds on the ocular,nasal fluids, and other bodily fluids?

A

Housefly (M. domestica; Muscidae)

57
Q

what fly is a vector for spiurid nematodes of equids, chicken tapeworm, and enteric pathogens?

A

Housefly (M. domestica; Muscidae)

58
Q

what are the Cyclorrhapha myiasis-causing flies?

A

Flesh flies
Blowflies
Botflies

59
Q

define obligate (primary) myiasis

A

larvae require a live host for food

60
Q

define facultative (secondary) myiasis

A

larvae usually eat carrion, sometimes infest live animals

61
Q

what type of myiasis do flesh flies have?

A

facultative and obligate myiasis

62
Q

what flesh fly causes obligate myiasis in young mammals and bird?

A

gray flesh fly

63
Q

where is the gray flesh fly located?

A

northern USA and Canada

64
Q

what type of myiasis do blowflies have?

A

facultative and obligate

65
Q

which blowfly is an obligate myiasis of domestic and wild animals?

A

new world screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax)

66
Q

which blowfly is a facultative myiasis in sheep, other mammals, and birds?

A

common green bottle fly (Lucilia sericata)

67
Q

what type of myiasis do botflies have?

A

obligate myiasis

68
Q

what is the botfly that are in sheep’s noses?

A

Sheep nasal botfly - Oestrus ovis

69
Q

what botfly causes warbles (subcutaneous cysts) in bovids, cervids, sometimes equids and humans?

A

Heel flies (Hypoderma spp.)

70
Q

where are heel flies located?

A

northern hemisphere

71
Q

what botflies cause gastrointestinal myiasis in equids?

A

Horse botflies (Gasterophilus spp.)

72
Q

what botfly causes subcutaneous cysts in wild rodents and rabbits in americas?

A

Cuterebra spp.

73
Q

what botfly causes cutaneous cuterebriasis in domestic rabbits and sometimes cats, dogs, ferrets, and humans?

A

Cuterebra spp.

74
Q

what parasite is causing this?

A

Cuterebra spp. botfly

75
Q

what can cause cerebrospinal cuterebriasis in cats and dogs?

A

Cuterebra spp. botflies

Parasitology (17 decks)

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