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Private Pilot > Flight Instruments > Flashcards

Flight Instruments Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 instruments are run on the pitot-static system?

A

Altimeter, vertical speed indicator, and airspeed indicator

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2
Q

The pitot- static system reads pressure from what ports?

A

The static ports reads atmospheric pressure for all 3 instruments. The pitot tube reads the impact pressure for the airspeed only.

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3
Q

Which instrument will become inoperative if the pitot tube becomes clogged?

A

Airspeed only

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4
Q

Which instrument(s) will become inoperative if the static vents become clogged?

A

Airspeed, altimeter, and vertical speed

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5
Q

What is indicated airspeed (IAS)?

A

The uncorrected reading obtained from the airspeed indicator

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6
Q

What is calibrated airspeed (CAS)?

A

The indicated airspeed corrected for installation and instrument error

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7
Q

What is true airspeed (TAS)?

A

Calibrated airspeed corrected for temperature and pressure variations

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8
Q

What is Vso?

A

Stall speed or minimum steady flight flight speed in the landing configuration - the lower limit of the white arc

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9
Q

What is Vfe?

A

Maximum flap extended speed - the upper limit of the white arc

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10
Q

What is defined by the white arc?

A

The flap operating range. Lower limit is Vso and upper limit is Vfe

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11
Q

What is Vs1?

A

The stall speed or minimum steady flight in a specified configuration- the lower limit of the green arc

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12
Q

What speeds are defined by the green arc?

A

Normal operating range. Vs1 is the lower and Vno is the upper

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13
Q

What is Vno?

A

The maximum structural cruising speed (the upper limit of the green arc and the lower limit of the yellow arc)

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14
Q

What is Vne?

A

The never exceed speed - upper limit of the yellow arc, marked in red

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15
Q

What does the yellow arc represent?

A

The caution range and should be avoided unless in smooth air. Vno at the lower and Vne at the upper

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16
Q

What is Vle?

A

The maximum landing gear extended speed

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17
Q

What is Va?

A

The design maneuvering speed. If rough air or sever turbulence is encountered, airspeed should be reduced to this or lower to minimize stress on the structure.

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18
Q

What is Vy?

A

The best rate-of-climb (the most altitude in a given period of time)

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19
Q

What is Vx?

A

The best angle-of-climb speed, the most altitude in a given distance

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20
Q

When do you use Vx vs Vy?

A

Use Vx immediately after takeoff to clear obstacles, then Vy to get to altitude

21
Q

What is an altimeter?

A

Instrument used to measure height by responding to atmospheric pressure changes

22
Q

Describe the 3 hands on the altimeter

A

The shortest measures altitude in tens of thousands, the intermediate in thousands, and the longest in hundreds

23
Q

What is indicated altitude?

A

The altitude read on the altimeter after it is set to the current local altimeter setting

24
Q

What is absolute altitude?

A

The height above the surface

25
Q

What is true altitude?

A

The true height above mean sea level (MSL)

26
Q

What is pressure altitude?

A

The altitude indicated with the Kohlsman window adjusted to 29.92. This is the standard datum plane: a theoretical level and it may be above, at, or below sea level.

27
Q

What is density altitude?

A

The pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature and/or pressure.

28
Q

If a flight is made from an area of low pressure/low temperature to an area of high pressure/high temperature without adjusting the altimeter setting, will the altimeter indicate higher or lowers than the actual altitude?

A

Lower

29
Q

If an altimeter setting is not available before flight, to which altitude should the pilot adjust the altimeter?

A

The elevation of the departing airport.

30
Q

At which altitude shall the altimeter be set to 29.92?

A

18,000 feet MSL, class A airspace

31
Q

Altimeter setting is the value to which the barometric pressure scale of the altimeter is set so the altimeter indicates what?

A

True altitude at field elevation

32
Q

How do variations in temperature affect the altimeter?

A

Pressure levels are raised on warm days and the indicated altitude is lower than true altitude.

33
Q

Under what condition will true altitude be lower than indicated altitude?

A

In colder than standard air temperature

34
Q

When are pressure altitude, true altitude, indicated altitude, and density altitude all equal?

A

On a standard day (29.92 HG and 15 degrees Celsius) at sea level.

35
Q

If a flight is made from an area of low pressure into an area of high pressure without the altimeter setting being adjusted, the altimeter will indicate

A

Lower than the actual altitude above sea level

36
Q

A flight is made from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure without the altimeter setting being adjusted, the altimeter will indicate

A

Higher than the actual altitude above sea level

37
Q

Which condition would cause the altimeter to indicate a lower altitude than true altitude?

A

Air temperature warmer than standard

38
Q

What is the standard pressure lapse rate of the altimeter dial?

A

1 inch HG = 1000 ft in altitude

39
Q

What 3 instruments rely on gyroscopes?

A

Attitude indicator, turn coordinator, and the heading coordinator

40
Q

How do you read the attitude indicator?

A

The direction of bank is determined by the relationship of the miniature plane to the horizon bar.

41
Q

Why must the heading indicator be periodically realigned?

A

It suffers from precession. Because of this it must be realigned with the magnetic compass during straight and level, I accelerated flight

42
Q

A turn coordinator provides an indication of the

A

Movement of the aircraft about the yaw and roll axis

43
Q

What is deviation?

A

Compass error caused by magnetic disturbances from electrical and metal components in the aircraft. The correction is displayed on a card.

44
Q

What is variation?

A

The angular difference between the true, or geographic, poles and the magnetic poles at a given point.

45
Q

What is magnetic dip?

A

The downward pointing tendency of the compass that can cause errors in compass indications

46
Q

UNOS

A

Undershoot North, Overshoot South. The compass lags whenever turns are made to or from north. The compass leads whenever turns are made to or from south.

47
Q

ANDS

A

Accelerate North, Decelerate South. Accelerating or decelerating while heading East or west will cause compass errors.

48
Q

When are the indications on the compass most accurate?

A

During straight-and-level un accelerated flight

49
Q

When accelerating or decelerating, what headings will the compass remain correct?

A

A north or south heading

Private Pilot (4 decks)

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