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Morphilogy Of Flowering Plants > Flowers > Flashcards

Flowers Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

A flower is a , where in( change )
Internodes do ,, apex
Apex produces

A

Modified shoot where in shoot apical meristem changes to floral meristem
Not elongate laterally and axis gets condensed
Different kinds of floral appendages laterally at successive nodes instead of flowers

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2
Q

Shoot tip transforms into flower
Pedicel
Thalamus , what +nt ( types)

A

It is always solitary
Flower has a short or long stalk
Upper part of pedicel is swollen , floral leaves
Sepal , petal , stamen , carpel

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3
Q

Whorls types

A

Whorl of sepal = calyx
Whorl of petals = corolla
Whorl of stamens = androecium
Whorl of carpel = gynoecium

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4
Q

Accessory whorl/ =
Essential whorl / =

A

Accessory whorl = calyx, corolla
Reproductive organs/ whorls =Androecium, gynoecium

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5
Q

Complete/ =
Incomplete =
Unisexual flower type

A

Bisexual / perfect =All four floral whorls are present
Unisexual / incomplete / imperfect = Any floural whorl absent
Stamenate flower = male
Pistelate flower = female

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6
Q

Trimerous eg
Tetramerous
Pentamerous

A

When accessory floral appendages are in multiple of 3,4,5
Monocots =3
Brassicaceae mustard = 4
Pentamerous = 5

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7
Q

Actinomorphic /
Eg
Asymmetrical /

A

Radial / regular =flower can be divided into two equal radial halves by any vertical plane or radial plane passing through centre
Mustard , datura , chilli
Irregular eg canna

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8
Q

Zygomorphic /
Eg
Posterior part
Anterior part

A

Bilateral = flower can be divided into two equal ( similar ) halves only by 1 particular vertical plane passing
Gulmohar pee kar Kaise bin baja raha he
Eg Gulmohar , pea , cassia,bean
Part of flower which lies near to mother axis
Part of flower which is away from mother axis

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9
Q

Types of flower basis
Hypogynous
Ovary

A

On position of calyx , corolla,androecium in respect of ovary on thalamus
Gynoecium occupies highest position while others ( petals,sepals,stamen) are situated below ovary
Ovary will be superior
Eg mustard , China rose, brinjal , mango

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10
Q

Perigynous
Thalamus grows,structure
Other parts
Ovary lies, conditions

A

Thalamus grows upwards and form cup shaped structures
On margin or rim of thalamus floral part are attached
Lies basal part or in centre , half inferior
Eg rose ,plum , peach

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11
Q

Epigynous
Other parts
Ovary
Eg

A

Margin of thalamus grow further upward enclosing ovary completely and getting fused with it
Other parts ( sepal,petal,stamen) are situated above the ovary
Ovary is inferior
Eg guava , apple,cucumber,rayflorets and disc florets of sunflower

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12
Q

Bract
Types
Spathe
Eg

A

Is a reduced leaf which may be present at base of pedicel of flower
Bracteate,Ebracteate
Large bract which completely encloses whole inflorescence
Eg banana , maize

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13
Q

First outermost whorl,Unit
Polysepalous
Gamosepalous
Colour,fn
Persistent sepals

A

Calyx, unit = sepal
All sepals are free from each other
When sepals are fused / united with each other
Sepals are green leaf like and protect flower in bud stage
If sepals do not fall and remain attached to fruit
Eg tomato , chilli,brinjal ( solanaceae family)

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14
Q

Second whorl , each member
Conditions
Colour
Forms

A

Corolla,petals
Petals are free = polypetalous
Petals are fused = gamopetalous
Petals are usually brightly coloured to attract insects for pollination
Tubular , bell shaped , funnel shaped , wheel shaped ( rotate )
Cruciform eg radish , mustard ( cruciferae family)

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15
Q

Aestivation
Types

A

The mode of arrangement of sepals or petals in floral bud with respect to other members of same whorl
Valvate
Twisted
Imbricate
Vexillary

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16
Q

Valvate
Eg
Twisted
Eg

A

Petal adjacent , just touch one another at margin without overlapping
Calotropis , cruciferae,solanaceae , liliaceaea
1 margin of petal overlaps that of next one the other margin is overlapped by another 1
Cotton ladyfinger, china rose ( Malvaceae )

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17
Q

Imbricate
Eg
Vexillary /
Posterior
↑overlaps
Which overlaps ( anterior)
Eg

A

Petals overlap one another but not in any particular manner
Eg cassia , Gulmohar
Papillionaceous
Lies near the mother axis , largest , standard or vexillum
Two lateral petals wings or alae
Two smallest anterior petals I.e keel or carina (away)
Pea,bean, Fabaceae
1+2+(2)

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18
Q

Androecium composed of, free
Cohesion
Type
Single bundle of, Eg
Two bundle
More than 1

A

Stamens , polyandrous
When floral parts of similar whorl are fused
Adelphy = when stamens are united by their filaments only
Filaments but anther is free =monoadelphous eg china rose
Of filaments -x— -= diadelphous eg pea
Polyadelphous eg citrus

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19
Q

Staminal tube
Diadelphous symbol
Perienth

A

In monoadelphous a tube is formed around gynoecium eg china rose( Malvaceae)
(9)+1
Calyx ( sepals ) + corolla (petal )= tepal
Eg lily

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20
Q

Adension
Epipetalous eg

Epiphyllous /. Eg

A

When stamens are attached to member of other floral whorl of flower
Stamens are attached to petals eg brinjal ( solanaceae)
Androecium + corolla = epipetalous CUA
Epitepalous = stamens are attached to tepals eg lily ( lilaceae)
Perienth + androecium = epitepalous

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21
Q

Length of stamens =
Didynamous eg
Tetradynamous

A

Variation in length of filaments
4 stamen 2 short,2 long eg Salvia
6 stamens arranged in 2. Whorls
Outer = 2 short stamens
Inner = 4 long eg mustard ( cruciferae)

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22
Q

Gynoecium , made up of
1 carpel
More than 1 carpel
Carpel consist of
Stigma is ( surface)

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A

Female reproductive organ , one or more than 1 carpels
Monocarpellary
Multicarpellary
Of stigma , style , ovary
Receptive surface for pollen grains

23
Q

Multicarpellary
Apocarpus
Syncarpous
Ovary is , style
Style connects

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A

Carpels are free eg lotus, rose , Michella
Carpels are fused eg papaver, hibiscus , mustard , tomato
Enlarged basal part on which lies the elongated tube
Ovary to stigama ( at tip of style )

24
Q

Placentation
Types

Study These Flashcards
A

The arrangement of ovules within ovary
Marginal eg pea
Axile eg china rose,lemon,tomato
Parietal eg. mustard and argemone
Free central eg primrose, dianthus
Basal eg marigold , sunflower

25
Marginal placenta forms Ovules born on,are eg Axile ovary is Ovules born on
A ridge along the ventral suture of ovary On this ridge are forming two rows eg pea Is multilocular On central axis eg china rose , tomato , lemon
26
Parietal ovules develop on Ovary is , but ( reason ) Eg Free central / , ovary is (why ) Ovules born
On inner wall of ovary or on peripheral part Is one chambered , becomes 2 chambered due to formation of false septum / replum Eg masturd , argemone Central , unilocular ( septum absent ) On central axis eg primrose,dianthus
27
Basal a _______ ovule is Eg Bulbil , eg Pistillode
Attached at base of ovary Eg biscuit marigold , sun feast (Marigold,sunflower ) Modified vegetative bud with stored food meant for vegetative reproduction eg Agave ,oxalis Sterile stamen
28
Staminode Staminate Clove Saffron Versatile stamen eg
Sterile stamen eg Salvia Male flower , Unisexual , carpel absent Unopened floral bud Stigmas + styles Wheat,grass,maize ( poaceae ) Filament attached to back of anther at a point only anther can swing freely
29
Fruit is Parthenocarpic fruit / Eg. Can be induced Fruit wall / , is
The mature or ripened ovary developed after fertilisation Seedless fruit , If fruit is formed without Fertilization Grapes , banana , through the application of growth hormone Pericarp may be thick and fleshy or thick and hard or Thin and soft
30
Fleshy fruits pericarp made up of Outer most layer may be Rind Middle layer is ,in Coir
Three layer = epicarp, mesocarp , endocarp Epicarp = may be thick or thin and hard or soft Epicarp forms outermost layer of fruit Mesocarp = is thick and fleshy In mango , peach , date , plum In coconut this layer is made up of fibres
31
Endo carp True fruit eg False fruit ( edible part Eg Drupe fruits Endocarp
Innermost layer may be thin membranous eg orange , date palm or thick and hard eg mango , coconut Fruit is developed only from the ovary eg mango , coconut Along with ovary some other part like thalamus , inflorescence ets developed into fruit Eg apple strawberry 🍓 pear, mulberry, fig,cashew nut ( thalamus In mango and coconut develop from monocarpellary gynoecium and superior ovary and are one seeded Is hard and stony so these fruits are also called stony fruits eg mango,coconut,almond,walnuts
32
In mango In coconut Sweet water and edible part
Outermost cover or thin rind is epicarp , middle edible fleshy part is mesocarp , inner stony hard endocarp Epicarp is hard and thin while mesocarp is thick and fibrous , endo carp is hard and seed is protected in it Are liquid and solid endosperm respectively
33
Berry Pome Balausta ( edible Simple dry fruit type
Develop from superior or inferior ovary eg tomato , brinjal Develop from inferior ovary and having enlarged thalamus eg apple , pear ( false fruit ) Developed from inferior ovary , testa eg pomegranate Not differentiated into epicarp ,mesocarp, endocarp Indehiscent , dehiscent , schizocarpic
34
Aggregate fruits develop from Etaerio eg In strawberry Composite fruit
Develop from Multicarpellary, apocarpus gynoceium Are made up of a bunch of fruitlet eg strawberry , lotus , rose Thalamus is fleshy and small achenes are found on its surface False fruits , whole inflorescences is modify into fruit Sorosis eg pineapple ,jack fruit, mulberry Syconus eg fig , peepal
35
Seed is Made up of Embryo made up of Endosperm formed after
The ovules after fertilisation develop into Of seed coat and an embryo Of an embryonal axis with a radicle and a plumule and one cotyledon or two cotyledon Double fertilisation
36
Structure of dicot seed Seed coat Layers Hilum Micropyle Cotyledon in,no,is
Outer most layering Outer testa and inner tegmen Is a scar on seed coat through which the developing seeds were attached to fruit Above the hilum is a pore Embryo, 2 , are often fleshy and full of reserve food material
37
Dicot endospermic seeds eg , is Non endospermous eg Monocot are generally , but
Castor , food storing tissue Bean , gram , pea endosperm not present in mature seed Endospermic , orchids ( dust seed ) are non endospermic
38
Monocot Seed coat is , in Endosperm Aleurone layer Embryo ( is , situated in)
Membranous and generally fused with fruit wall , seeds of cereals such as maize Is bulky and stores food The outer covering of endosperm separates the embryo by proteinous Is small and situated in groove at one end of endosperm
39
Monocot scutellum Axis Coleoptile Coleorhiza
Embryo consists of 1 large and shield shaped cotyledons Short axis with plumule and a radical Plumule enclosed in sheaths Radicle enclosed in sheaths
40
Position of mother axis with respect to the flower represented by Floral formula , diagram show Floral diagram does not provide information Floral formula does not provide information
By a dot on top of floral diagram Cohesion and adhesion within parts of whorls and b/w whorls Regarding position of ovary Regarding aestivation and placentation
41
Cruciferae /, inflorescence Flower br/ebr,no condition, symmetry, Calyx no , condition , unit arranged , aestivation Corolla ——————
Brassicaceae, typical raceme Ebr, bisexual , Tetramerous,actinomorphic , zygomorphic Sepal 4 , polyseplous , sepals are arranged in 2 whorls 2outer 2 inner , Imbricate Petals 4 , polypetalous , valvat asestivation and cruciform / cross form
42
Cruciferae Androecium no.condition Gynoecium Becomes bilocular due Placentation,seeds Eg food Ornamental
Stamen 6,tetradynamous Bicarpelly , syncarpous. Formation of false septum (replum developed from thalamus ) Parietal non endospermic Radish , turnip,cauliflower , cabbage , mustard Chandani
43
Fabaceae earlier was , subfamily of , distributed , found Roots Stem Leaf ( stimules , type , leaf base , venation , phyllotaxy ) Inflorescence
Papilionoideae a subfamily of family leguminousase , all over the world , trees shrubs herbs Branches , tap root system , root nodules nitrogen fixing bacteria Erect or climber Stipulate , simple or compound , leaf base pulvinate , reticulate , alternate Racemose typical
44
Fabaceae flower ( bract , sexuality, condition, symmetry Calyx no , condition, aestivation Corolla no , shape , condition ,aestivation Androecium ,no , adelphy
Bracteate , bisexual , hypogynous , Pentamerous , zygomorphic Sepal 5 ,gamosepalous , aestivation Imbricate or valvate ( mainly Petals 5 ,papillanaceous butterfly , polypetalous ,Vexillary Stamens 10,diadelphous (9)+1,anther dithecous
45
Fabaceae gynoecium , no,lobular with , ovary, style no,Placentation Fruit. Lometum found in Seed
Monocarpellary, unilocular with many ovules , superior ovary , Single , marginal Legume or pod , eg Arachis ( ground nut ) Non endospermic , one to many
46
Fabaceae eg as food Fodder Fibres Dyes Medical plants Ornamental plants
Arhar, chana, pea,mung,soyabean,mungphali,sem Trifolium , sesbania Sunnhemp Neel ( blue dye ) = indigofera tinctoria ( dye from leaves) Mulaithi ( roots used in cough & cold Sweet pea , Lupin
47
Solanaceae/ , disturbed Root Stem Leaf type , stipules , aestivation, venation Inflorescence
Potato family , in tropics subtropics even temperate zones Tap root system Herbaceous rarely woody,aerial , erect ,cylindrical,branched , solid or hollow , hairy or glabrous Simple rarely pinnately compound, exstipulate , alternate , reticulate Solitary Axillary , or cymose as in solanum
48
Solanaceae Flower bract , sexuality, com/incom , ovary condition, no , symmetry Calyx no,condition,aestivation,special Corolla - - - Androecium no , condition, adhesion
Bracteate or ebracteate , bisexual , complete, Hypogynous,Pentamerous, actinomorphic Sepals 5 , gamosepalous , valvate , persistent Petals 5 , gamopetalous , valvate Stamen 5 , polyandrous , epipetalous stamens
49
Solanaceae Gynoecium carpellary , carpous , ovary , locular , Placentation Special feature Fruit Seeds
Bicarpellary, syncarpous , ovary superior , Axile Swollen placenta with many ovules and oblique septa , ovaries arranged obliquely on thalamus Fleshy fruit , berry ( tomato , brinjal ) , capsule (datura ) Many and endospermic
50
Solanaceae eg Food Medicinal plant Ornamental plants Fumigatory
Bella ashav pe Sanji tambacco lene challi Potato , tomato, brinjal , makoi,chilli Belladonna , tobacco ashwagandha Petunia Tobacco
51
Liliaceae distributed ( mono / dicot ),___ herbs with Stem Root Leaves mostly ____ , Phyllotaxy , venation ( except Inflorescence
World wide mono, underground bulbs / corms / rhizomes Majority have underground bulbs ( onions, garlic) , corm ( colchicum) , rhizome ( aloe ) Adventitious/ fibrous fasiculated in asparagus Basal , linear , alternate, exstipulate , parallel ( smilax = reticulate ) Solitary / cymose , often umbellate clusters
52
Lily flower bract , sexuality,com/ incom,symmetry,ovary , no Perienth no , arranged,united , aestivation Androecium no , adhension , arranged in , condition Gynoecium carpellary carpous , ovary , loculor with , Placentation
Bracteate,bisexual,complete m actinomorphic,Hypogynous,trimerous Tepals 6 , in two whorls (3+3) into tube , valvate 6 stamens , epipetalous, in two whorls , polyandrous Tri , syncarpous , superior, triloculaor with many ovules , Axile
53
Fruits lily Seeds Example Food Ornamental Medicinal Mitotic poison
Capsule ( onion ) , rarely berry ( lily) Endospermic Aas pas aakela coach glorious and talented Onion ( allium cepa ) ,garlic , asparagus Lily , tulip , gloriosa Aloe Vera , Colchicum = chemical colchicine used in polyploidy in plants

Morphilogy Of Flowering Plants (2 decks)

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