Root Flashcards
(42 cards)
Angiospermae show large diversity
Are characteristics by presence of
Root system
Shoot systems
In external structure/ morphology
Roots , stem. Leaves , flowers,fruits
Underground part of flowering plant
Portion above the ground
Roots are very
Types of root
Geotropic
Hydrotropic
Phototropic
Tap root
Adventitious roots
Fibrous root
Tap root
Leads to formation of primary roots
Referred to secondary, tertiary roots
The direct elongation of radicle
Primary root bears lateral roots of several orders
Constitute tap roots systems
Eg
Dicot / monocot
The primary roots and its branches constitute
Mustard plant
In dicot plants
Adventitious root develop from
Eg ( mono/dicot)
Fibrous root primary root
Originated
From other parts of plant other than radicle
Grass( mono ),monstera (mono),banayan tree (dicot)
Is short lived and replaced by large number of roots
From base of stem
Functions of root are
Eg
Absorption of water and minerals
Provide a proper anchorage to plant parts
Synthesis of plant growth hormone (PGR)
Storage of reserve food material
Eg carrot , radish , turnip ,sweet potato ,asparagus
Modifications of tap root( fn , sub types eg)
A)For storage of food
i . Fusiform / spindle roots = radish
ii . Conical root = carrot
iii. Napiform = turnip, sugar beet
B) for nitrogen fixation= pea, gram, bean [family = Fabaceae ]
C) for respiration / pneumatophores
Eg rhizophora ( mangrove plant
Tap root storage of food
Fusiform/
Eg
Conical
Eg
3 type
Spindle root = are thicker in middle and tapering on both ends
Radish
Roots are thicker at their upper side and tapering at lower side
Eg carrot
Napiform = swollen , spherical at upper end , tapering ( thread ) at lower end
Eg turnip , sugar beet ( beet root
Pneumatophores For ; modification of
Found in( scarcity of)
Root growth
Pores
Geotropic
Eg
Respiration , tap root
Marshy/ swampy ( scarcity of water)
Some branches of tap root grow vertically upward and come on surfaces
Minute pore called pneumatophores, lenticels
Negatively
Rhizophora ( mangrove plant ) halophyte
Modification of adventitious root ( for,type)
A)For storage of food
i. Fasiculated roots = asparagus , dahlia
ii.tuberous = sweet potato
B) for support
i. Stilt root=maize,sugarcane
ii) prop/pillar = banyan
iii.Climbing root = money plant,monstera
C)For special fn
i. Foliar/ epiphyllous = bryophyllum
ii . Sucking/haustorial / parasitic = cuscuta
Adventitious root storage of foods
Fasciculated root occurring
Are ______… due to storage of food
Eg
Tuberous become
Shape
In clusters
Swollen
Eg asparagus,dahlias
Swollen
No definite
Eg sweet potato
For support adventitious
Stilt root = arise from,enter
Eg
Prop root/ , _______ arise from
Grow ( down / up) eg
Climbing roots arise,help
Eg
Lower node and enter in soil
Eg maize , sugarcane
Pillar roots , hanging root arise from branches of plant
Grow downward ,banyan ( ficus benghalensis)
From nodes help in climbing
Eg money plant ( pathos),monstera
For special fn
Folliar / ,arise
Eg
Sucking/ roots enter
Eg
Epiphyllous = arise from leaf
Eg bryophyllum
Haustorial / parasitic = in host plant to absorb nutrition from host
Cuscuta
Root cap , structure
Fn
Region of meristematic activity
Location
Cell of this region
Divide
The root is covered by apex by a thimble like structure
Protects the tender apex of root as it makes its way through soil
Few mm above the root cap
Very small , thin walled , dense protoplasm
Repeatedly
Region of elongation proximal to
Cells undergo
Responsible
Meristematic activities
Rapid elongation and enlargement
For growth of root in length
Region of maturation
Proximal to
Cells gradually
Root hair
Fn
Region of elongation
Differentiates and mature
From this region some of epidermal cells from very fine and delicate,thread like ,unicellular structure
Absorbs water and minerals from soil
Stem develops from
Bears ( which differ from root)
Shows
Generally colours
Plumule of embryo of germainating seed
Nodes and internodes
Negatively Geotropic growth
Green when young
Later often became woody and dark brown
Nodes
Internode
Stem is ________ part of axis ,bearing
Stem also bears,(type)
Region of stem where leaves are born
Portion b/w woody and dark brown
Ascending, branches ,leaves,flowers,fruit
Buds which may be terminal or axial
Axial bud grow
Terminal bud fn
Stem main fn
2 fn
Branches
Growth
Spreading out branches bearing leaves,flowers,fruits
Conducts water , mineral,photosynthates ( food)
Stem 3 fn
Storage of foo
Support
Protection
Vegetative propagation
Modification of stem ( type , subtype)
A)underground
Tuber,Rhizome,corm,bulb
B)aerial
i.stem thorn,stem tendrils,phylloclade
C) sub aerial
Runner,stolon,sucker,offset
Underground Generally
Tuber __… becomes swollen
Axillary bud are , covered, eg
Rhizome ,it is ____ stem which grows _____ in soil
Nodes internode covered
For food storage , vegetative propagation
Tips of branches
Eyes , covered with scaly leaf eg potato
Fleshy,horizontally in soils
By scaly leaves eg ginger , turmeric,banana
Modification of stem, corm
______ structure which grows _____ under soil surface
Eg
Periderm
Bulb stem is , like , surrounded
Roots arise from, eg , ________ store food
Organ of perennation eg
Act as
Condensed structure which grows vertically
Colocasia,,zaminkand ( amorphophallous ),colchicum
Peel of potato
Highly reduced, disc like and surrounded by numerous fleshy leaves
Base eg onion , garlic , fleshy leaves
Underground stem of potato , ginger m turmeric, colocasia, zaminkhad
Organ to tide over conditions unfavourable for growth
Aerial modification of stem
Stem tendrils ____ forms tendrils in place of _____
Help
Eg
Stem thorn .thorn develop from
Thorn protects from. It is a _______^______ structure
Eg
Axillary bud,branches
In climbing , which have weak stem
Eg grapes / grapevines, gourds ( cucumber,pumpkin,watermelon)
From Axillary bud,leaves & flowers
Browsing animals , woody pointed structure
Eg Bougainville,citrus
