Fluid

Question 1

Hgb and hct will be decreased in

Answer 1

Fluid volume excess

Question 2

Hgb and hct will be increased in

Answer 2

Fluid volume loss

Question 3

Normal urine output

Answer 3

1 mL/kg/ hr

Question 4

Sodium

Answer 4

Extracellular cation

Question 5

Potassium

Answer 5

Intercellular cation

Question 6

Weight

Answer 6

Most accurate indicator of fluid status

Question 7

Tests

Answer 7

Sodium
K+
Chloride
BUN
Creatinine 
Calcium
Glucose 
H&h
Serum osmolarity

Question 8

Tachycardia

Answer 8

#1 sign something is wrong
Subtle sign of hypovolemia

Question 9

Blood pressure

Answer 9

25% increase or decrease in fluid volume for change to occur

Question 10

Sodium values

Answer 10

135-148

Osmotic pressure, nerve impulses

Question 11

Hyponatremia

Answer 11

Less than 130

Depressed reflexes

Question 12

Hyponatremia management

Answer 12

Restrict fluids
Commercial fluids
Stop diuretic
Make sure family is not over diluting formula

Question 13

Hypernatremia

Answer 13

150
Loosing more water than sodium (diarrhea)
Improper formula
Failure to breastfeed

Question 14

Those with hypernatremia

Answer 14

Irritable with stimulation

High pitched cry

Question 15

Dehydration signs

Answer 15

No bowel movements
Urine crystals
Weight loss- 10% of birth weight

Question 16

Potassium panic values

Answer 16

Less than 2.5 or more than 7

Question 17

Hyperkalemia

Answer 17

Above 5

Question 18

Hyperkalemia interventions

Answer 18

Calcium gluconate

Peritoneal dialysis

Question 19

Hypokalemia

Answer 19

3.5

Before administering make sure child is producing urine

Question 20

Clinical manifestations of hypokalemia

Answer 20

Neck flip
Finished bowel sounds
Abdominal distension 
Limb weakness 
Lethargy

Question 21

Causes of hypokalemia

Answer 21

Vomiting diarrhea 
Starvation 
Stress, injury
Gastric suction
Lasix
Aspirin 
Alcohol
Caffeine

Question 22

Foods high in potassium

Answer 22

Apricots
Banana
Oranges
Pomegranates
Prunes
Potato with skin
Spinach
Tomato
Milk 
Yoygurt
Pork
Veal
Fish

Question 23

Hypovolemic shock

Answer 23

Second most common cause of cardiac arrest in infants and children

Question 24

Most common cause of diarrhea

Answer 24

Rotovirus

Question 25

Treatment of mild to moderate dehydration

Answer 25

Oral rehydration therapy (contain complex carbohydrates) Juice may make it worse(symptoms) 50-100 mL/ kg over 3-4 hours

Question 26

BRAT diet

Answer 26

Bananas Rice Applesauce Toast

Question 27

Fluid replacement

Answer 27

LS or saline Then dextrose And then dextrose with potassium

Question 28

Nursing interventions

Answer 28

Weight Hourly monitoring I&O Calculations

Question 29

Overhydration assessment

Answer 29

``` Tachypnea Dyspnea Cough Weight gain Jugular vein distension ```

Question 30

Acid base balance

Answer 30

Regulation 1-buffering 2-respiratory 3-renal

Question 31

Respiratory acidosis cause

Answer 31

Carbon dioxide in blood Bad lungs Aspiration Overdose

Question 32

Management of respiratory acidosis

Answer 32

Correct underlying cause Bronchodilator Ventilation

Question 33

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 33

``` Hyperventilation -anxiety Pain Fever ASA Meningitis Over ventilation ```

Question 34

Respiratory alkalosis assessment

Answer 34

``` Dizziness Numbness of fingers and toes Tetany Convulsion Unconscious ```

Question 35

When pH is less than 7.2,

Answer 35

Cardiac contractor it reduces

Question 36

Metabolic acidosis management

Answer 36

Treat cause Sodium bicarbonate Low protein, high calorie 3 point position for ventilation.

Question 37

Causes of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 37

``` Ingestion of baking soda or antacids Vomiting Ng suction Diuretics Blood transfusion ```