Heart

Question 1

PDA

Answer 1

Continuous machine murmur
Widened pulse pressure
Bounding pulses
Cardiac enlargement 
Fatigue 
Diaphoretic

Question 2

PDA diagnosis and treatment

Answer 2

Chest X-ray 
Echocardiogram 
****indomethicin 
Coil
Closed heart surgery-tie it off

Question 3

ASD

Answer 3

PULMONARY hypertension
Reduced systemic circulation
Leads to CHF or stroke as adult

Question 4

ASD diagnosis

Answer 4

Murmur

Echo

Question 5

ASD treatment

Answer 5

If small, may close on its own

No restrictions to physical activity post closure

Question 6

VSD

Answer 6

Increase PULMONARY blood flow
Deficient systemic blood flow
Leads to CHF

Question 7

VSD diagnosis

Answer 7

Small hole=bigger noise (better)
Electrocardiography
Chest X-ray
Echocardiogram

Question 8

VSD treatment

Answer 8

CHF: diuretics
Digoxin
FTT: increase calorie
Prophylactic antibiotics

Question 9

Coarctation of aorta

Answer 9

Difference in BP in arms and legs
Turner syndrome
This is why we check femoral pulses

Question 10

Diagnosis of COA

Answer 10

Echo

Groin and leg pulses diminished

Question 11

COA treatment

Answer 11

Prostaglandin to keep PDA
Surgery
Antibiotic prophaxsis 
High BP post surgery
Kidney damage- little blood flow

Question 12

Right to left cyanosis lesions

Answer 12

Hole in septum

Decreased PULMONARY blood flow

Question 13

Right to left cyanotic lesions manifestations

Answer 13

Hypoxemia
Polycythemia
Increase viscosity of blood

Question 14

Complications of right to left cyanotic lesions

Answer 14

Thrombus formation
Brain abscess or stroke

Blood bypasses lungs

Question 15

Tetralogy of fallot

Answer 15

Most commmon cardiac malfunction responsible for cyanosis in child over 1 year

Right to left shunt

Question 16

Four components of TOF

Answer 16

VSD
PULMONARY stenosis
Overriding aorta
Hypertrophy of right ventricle

Question 17

Clinical manifestations of TOF

Answer 17

Clubbing of digits
Tet spells
Irritable

Question 18

TOF diagnosis

Answer 18

Cyanosis
Oxygen has little effect on cyanosis
Loud heart murmur
Echocardiogram

Question 19

TOF treatment

Answer 19

Prostaglandins

Complete repair at 6 months of age

Question 20

Long term outcomes for TOF

Answer 20

Leaky PULMONARY valve
Arrhymias
Heart block (pacemaker)
Periodic echocardiogram

Question 21

Bacterial endocarditis

Answer 21

History of CHD, Kawasaki , rheumatic fever, prosthetic valves
Prophylactic antibiotics

Question 22

Rheumatic fever

Answer 22

2-4 weeks following grp a strep infection
Inflammatory/autoimmune disorder
Affects joints, brain, skin, heart

Question 23

Rheumatic fever manifestations

Answer 23

Arthritis, carditis, chorea, erthyema marginatum, sub q nodules

Question 24

Rheumatic fever diagnosis

Answer 24

Jones criteria

Question 25

Rheumatic fever nursing

Answer 25

``` Bed rest Aspirin Corticosteroids Antibiotics Avoid person with illness ```

Question 26

Kawasaki

Answer 26

Acute self limiting disease General vasculitis AT RISK FOR CORONARY ANEURYSM

Question 27

Kawasaki

Answer 27

``` High fever Conjunctivitis-no drainage Strawberry tongue EDEMA of hands and feet Red palms and soles Lymph node swelling ```