Fluid and Electrolyte / Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
(37 cards)
Normal fluid intake is..?
1100-1400 mL
Homeostasis
The bodies ability to keep its internal environment balanced; and is ability to correct itself when balance is not met.
Normal sodium (Na+) levels
136-145 mEq/L (mmol/L)
Normal potassium (K+) levels
3.5-5.0 mEq/L (mmol/L)
Normal calcium (Ca++) levels
8.4-10.5 mg/dL
Normal magnesium (Mg++) levels
1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Diffusion
Molecules move from higher concentration>lower concentration until equilibrium is met.
Filtration
Distributes ECF between interstitial and vascular spaces through a membrane via hydrostatic pressure
Osmosis
Distributes H2O between ECF and cells through a semi-permiable membrane.
Hydrostatic pressure
Pressure that pushes fluid out of its compartment or capillaries.
Output>input (>greater than)
Not enough H2O consumption Using diuretics Sweating too much vomiting/diarrhea Hemorrhage Burns Adrenal insufficiency (addisons) Tube feed with out fluids Diabetes
Output
Renal insufficiency/kidney disease Too much IV fluids Excess aldosterone Cirrhosis (liver damage) Corticosteroid use Cushing's disease (^cortisol levels) Too much H2O intake Tap-water enemas Too much salty foods/fluids
Altered distribution
- Acute ascites (liver failure)
- Intestinal obstruction
- Distribution into 3rd space (peritoneal cavity)
What do we asses for in Flui. and Elec. imbalance?
Health history
Diagnostic and lab tests
Psychical assessment ( daily weight, VS, I and O, thirst, skin, oral cavity, eyes, jugular and hand veins, neuromuscular systems)
ECV deficit
Too little volume: Weight loss Skin tenting Dry mucous membranes Rapid thready pulse BP drop Lightheadedness Flat neck veins Oligurea Syncope/ shock
ECV excess
Too much volume: Weight gain Edema Bounding pulse Distended neck veins Dyspnea
Hypronatremia
Na+ less than (
Hypernatremia
Na+ greater than (>) 145 mEq/L: Impaired cerebral function Thirst Decreases LOC Seizures
Hypokalemia
K+
Hyperkalemia
K+ >5.0 mEq/L:
Bilateral muscle weakness
Cardiac dysrythmias
Cardiac arrest
Hypocalcemia
Ca++
Hypercalcemia
Ca++ >11 mg/dL: Decreased neuromuscular excitability Anorexia Nausea Constipation Muscle weakness Diminished reflexes Decreased LOC Cardiac dysrythmias
Hypomagnesemia
Mg++
Hypermagnesemia
Mg++ >2.5 mEq/L: Decreased neuromuscular excitability Flushing Diaphoresis (sweating) Diminished reflexes Decreased LOC Muscle weakness Respiratory depression Bradycardia Cardiac dysrythmias
