Nutrition

Question 1

Nutrition definition

Answer 1

Is the science of optimal cellular metabolism and its impact on health and disease.

Question 2

Macronutrients

Answer 2

Needed in larger amounts and contain energy:
Carbs
Proteins
Fats

Question 3

Miconutrients

Answer 3

Need smaller amounts:
Vitamins
Minerals

Question 4

Kilocalorie

Answer 4

The amount of energy required for the body.
Eat more than required=weight gain
Eat less than required=lose weight

Question 5

Malnutrition

Answer 5

Inadequate/excess intake of food
Impaired nutrient absorption
or ineffective nutrient utilization

Question 6

Protein deficiencies

Answer 6

Loss of muscle mass
Inability for body to repair damaged cells
Ineffective immune functions
Edema

Question 7

Carbohydrate deficiencies

Answer 7

Alter cellular metabolism
Diminish cell growth and repair
Weight loss

Question 8

Fatty acid deficiencies

Answer 8

Affect cellular membranes
Disrupt retinal development
Disrupt neurotransmitter production
Disrupt brain function

Question 9

Proteins do what?

Answer 9

Build and repair damaged tissues

Question 10

Carbs do what?

Answer 10

Provide body with energy

Question 11

Fatty acids do what?

Answer 11

Important for metabolism

Question 12

Vitamin A deficiencies

Answer 12

Night blindness

Question 13

Vitamin B deficiencies

Answer 13

encephalopathy

Question 14

Vitamin B3 deficiencies

Answer 14

Dermatitis
Diarrhea
Dementia
Death

Question 15

Vitamin B12 deficiencies

Answer 15

Anemia

Psych disorders

Question 16

Biotin deficiencies

Answer 16

Hair loss

Question 17

Vit C deficiencies

Answer 17

Bleeding

Scurvy

Question 18

Vit D deficiencies

Answer 18

Rickets
Bone diseases
Muscle pain
falls

Question 19

Cooper deficiencies

Answer 19

Anemia
Skin lesions
neurological disease
bone fragility

Question 20

Iron deficiencies

Answer 20

Anemia
Fatigue
Poor growth

Question 21

Magnesium deficiencies

Answer 21

Hypertension
Arrhythmia
Preeclampsia

Question 22

Zinc deficiencies

Answer 22

Dermatitis
impaired taste
Impaired growth
Low level of alkaline enzyme

Question 23

Populations at risk for malnutrition

Answer 23

Potentially everyone
Socioeconomic status
Race
Very young
Very old

Question 24

Individual risk factors for malnutrition

Answer 24

• Genetics (PKU and CF)
• Lifestyle (inconsistent eating patterns)
• Conditions that affect oral intake (inability to chew or swallow)
• Conditions associated w/ impaired digestion (lactose intolerance and bowel resection)
• Conditions associated w/ impaired metabolism (CA, Parkinson’s, AIDS, COPD)

Question 25

Common diagnostic tests

Answer 25

``` Albumin Blood glucose Hemoglobin Lipid profile Electrolytes Blood urea nitrogen Tests to r/o anemia Ca P Vit D levels DXA scans ```

Question 26

Guidelines for good nutritional health

Answer 26

- "My Plate"-choosemyplate.gov | - 30 min of physical exercise most days/week.

Question 27

Dietary interventions

Answer 27

``` Low Na Low fat Calorie reduction Consume fiber Dietary supplements Tube feedings ```

Question 28

Pharmacological Agents

Answer 28

Weight loss meds. Antilipid agents Micronutrient supplements Parenteral nutrition

Question 29

Collaborative interventions for malnutrition?

Answer 29

Dietary interventions Pharmacotherapy Surgery

Question 30

Interrelated concepts of nutrition

Answer 30

- Culture - Glucose regulation (sugar intake and bodies ability to break it down) - Immunity - Clotting - Thermoregulation - Development