fluid and lytes

Question 1

what are the 4 function of fluid and electrolytes

Answer 1

1. promote neuro muscular irritibility
2. maintain body fluid osmolality
3. regulate acid base balance
4. regulate distribution of body fluids among body fluid compartments

Question 2

what factors influence body fluids

Answer 2

age, gender, body fat

Question 3

obese people with have _____ fluid than those who are thin

Answer 3

less

Question 4

where is the highest amount of water fun in

Answer 4

muscle, skin and blood

Question 5

what is third spacing and what causes this

Answer 5

when too much fluid from the blood nestles move into the interstitial space; caused by ascites, burns, peritonitis, bowel obstructions, massive bleeding in a joint

Question 6

what are the 5 cations (+charge)

Answer 6

Na, K, Ca, Mg, H

Question 7

what are the anions (- charge)

Answer 7

Cl, HCO3, Phos

Question 8

osmolality should range from

Answer 8

280-300

Question 9

gets things back to normal (homeostasis)

Answer 9

osmosis

Question 10

moves from high concentration to lower concentration

Answer 10

diffusion

Question 11

separates unwanted materials

Answer 11

filtration

Question 12

protein transports sodium and potassium across membranes

Answer 12

sodium-potassium pump

Question 13

if kidneys do NOT work then what happens to your lytes lab values

Answer 13

will most likely be abnormal

Question 14

normal sodium lab value

Answer 14

135-145 mEq/L

Question 15

if there is a decrease in serum Na this means

Answer 15

diluted ECF

Question 16

if there is an increase in serum Na this means

Answer 16

concentrated ECF (H2O pulled out of cells)

Question 17

when Na moves into a cell what moves out of the cell

Answer 17

Potassium

Question 18

water follows

Answer 18

sodium

Question 19

function of sodium controls _____ distribution, and has a great deal to do with our _____ and ______ function

Answer 19

H2O; muscle and nerve

Question 20

normal potassium level

Answer 20

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Question 21

potassium influences both ______ and _______ activity

Answer 21

CARDIAC; muscle

Question 22

what is the #1 cause of hyperkalemia

Answer 22

renal failure

Question 23

what foods have potassium

Answer 23

banana, apricots, cantalope, green leafy veggies

Question 24

what is the normal calcium lab values

Answer 24

8.6-10.2 mg/dl

Question 25

what are the 3 forms Ca is found in

Answer 25

bound, ionized, complexed

Question 26

where is calcium 99% stored

Answer 26

bones and teeth

Question 27

ionized calcium promotes transmission of _____ impulse and ______ contractions

Answer 27

nerve; muscle

Question 28

if Ca is low phosphorous is

Answer 28

high

Question 29

what are the 4 calcium regulators

Answer 29

parathyroid hormone (PTH) calcitonin phosphate vitamin D

Question 30

why do you want the pt up and walking

Answer 30

so Ca will not leave the bone and go into the blood stream and cause high Ca levels

Question 31

what calcium regulator helps keep calcium in the bone

Answer 31

calcitonin

Question 32

reciprocal relationship with Ca

Answer 32

phosphate

Question 33

what helps with Ca absorption and how can you get it

Answer 33

Vitamin D; sunshine and from dairy products

Question 34

what is the normal lab value for magnesium

Answer 34

1.3-2.3 mEq/L

Question 35

Mg is important for

Answer 35

neuromuscular function

Question 36

what is the big thing and most cause of hypomagnesium

Answer 36

alcoholism because they tend to not take in enough food

Question 37

what is the normal Phosphorous lab value

Answer 37

2.5-4.5 mg/dl

Question 38

what is phosphorous essential for

Answer 38

function of muscle and RBCs, nervous system, cell membrane activity

Question 39

Hypokalemia causes "body is trying to DITCH potassium"

Answer 39

Drugs (laxatives, diuretics, corticosteroids) Inadequate intake of K (NPO, anorexia, N) Too much water intake Cushings syndrome (too much aldosterone) Heavy fluid loss (NG suction, V/D, wound)

Question 40

Hypokalemia S/S "SUCTION"

Answer 40

``` Skeletal Muscle weaknes Ua Constipation Toxicity of Dig Irregular weak pulse Orthostatic hypotension Numbness ```

Question 41

hyperkalemia causes "body CARED too much for K"

Answer 41

``` Cellular movement of K from ICF to ECF Adrenal insufficiency (addisons) Renal failure Excessive K intake Drugs (k sparing, ACE, NSAIDS) ```

Question 42

hyperkalemia S/S "going to MURDER them"

Answer 42

``` Muscle weakness Urine production low or absent Respiratory failure Decreased cardiac contractility Early signs of muscle twitching/cramps Rhythm changes ```

Question 43

hyponatremia causes "NO NA"

Answer 43

Na excretion increased (NG suction, V, Diu) Overload of fluids Na intake low through low salt diet or NPO Antidiuretic hormone over secreted (SIADH)

Question 44

hyponatremia S/S "SALT LOSS"

Answer 44

``` Seizures and stupor Abdominal cramping and attitude changes Lethargic Tendon Reflexes Loss of urine and appetite Orthostatic hypotension Shallow respirations Spasms of muscles ```

Question 45

hypernatremia causes "HIGH SALT"

Answer 45

``` Hypercortisolism Increased sodium intake GI tube feedings w/o H20 supple Hypertonic solutions Sodium excretion decreased Aldosterone problems Loss of fluids (dehydrated) Thirst impairment ```

Question 46

hypernatremia "no FRIED foods for you"

Answer 46

``` Fever, flushed skin Restlessness, really agitated Increased fluid retention Edema, extremely confused Decreased urinary output; dry mouth/skin ```

Question 47

hypocalcemia causes "LOW CALCIUM"

Answer 47

``` Low parathyroid hormone Oral intake inadequate Wound drainage Celiacs disease, crohns disease (malabsorb) Acute pancreatitis Low vit D intake Chronic kidney disease Increased phos level Using meds (lax, loop) Mobility issues ```

Question 48

hypocalcemia S/S "CRAMPS"

Answer 48

``` Confusion Reflexes Hyperactive Arrhythmias Muscle spasms in calves, feet, TETANY Positive Trousseaus Signs of Chvostekis ```

Question 49

hypercalcemia causes "HIGH CAL"

Answer 49

``` Hyperparathyroidism Increased intake of calcium Glucocorticoids Hyperthyroidism Calcium excretion decreased w/ thiazide diu Adrenal insufficiencies Lithium usage (phos dec, cal increase) ```

Question 50

hypercalcemia S/S "the body is too WEAK"

Answer 50

Weakness of muscle Ekg changes Absent reflexes, absent minded, abd disten Kidney stone formation

Question 51

calcium rich foods

Answer 51

yogurt, sardines, cheese, spinach, collard greens, tofu, rhubarb, milk