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ANAPHY LEC FINALS > FLUID, ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASE HOMEOSTASIS > Flashcards

FLUID, ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASE HOMEOSTASIS Flashcards

1
Q

a substance, usually a liquid that is produced by the body and consists of water and dissolved solutes

A

body fluid

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2
Q

an increased blood osmolarity stimulates what receptor in the hypothalamus?

A

osmoreceptors

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3
Q

a decreased blood osmolarity stimulates what receptor in the hypothalamus?

A

atrial volume receptors

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4
Q

decreased activity of baroreceptors in blood vessels or increased release of renin in the kidneys is due to

A

decreased blood pressure

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5
Q

an increased release of renin in the kidneys is an increase formation of what?

A

angiotensin II formation

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6
Q

what are the two main solutes in extracellular fluid?

A

sodium ions, and chloride ions

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7
Q

what hormone increases the amount of water reabsorption in the kidneys?

A

ADH

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8
Q

synthesis of ADH is increased by what cells in the hypothalamus?

A

neurosecretory cells

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9
Q

late distal tubules and collecting ducts of kidneys become more permeable to water which increases water absorption is due to?

A

an increase of ADH from posterior pituitary gland

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10
Q

hormone increase sodium ions reabsorption in the late distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidneys which relieves the Na+ deficiency in the plasma

A

Aldosterone

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11
Q

promotes natriuresis which leads to loss of more water in urine and decrease blood volume and blood pressure (ANP)

A

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

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12
Q

an occurrence which increases excretion of
Na+ into the urine

A

natriuresis

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13
Q

ADH promotes insertion of water-channel proteins into apical membranes of principal cells in collecting ducts to increase permeability of water. What water-channel proteins are these?

A

aquaporin-2

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14
Q

promoting urinary reabsorption of Na+; increases water reabsorption via osmosis; reduce loss of water in urine

A

Aldosterone

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15
Q

hormone that reduces loss of water in urine

A

aldosterone and ADH

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16
Q

if blood plasma is 142 mEq/L in blood plassma and 145 mEq/L in interstitial fluid how much Na+ are there in intracellular fluid?

A

10 mEq/L

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17
Q

if blood plasma is 4 mEq/L in blood plassma and 4 mEq/L in interstitial fluid how much K+ are there in intracellular fluid?

A

140 mEq/L

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18
Q

if blood plasma is 5 mEq/L in blood plassma and 3 mEq/L in interstitial fluid how much Ca+ are there in intracellular fluid?

A

0.2 mEq/L

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19
Q

if blood plasma is 2 mEq/L in blood plassma and 2 mEq/L in interstitial fluid how much Mg2+ are there in intracellular fluid?

A

36

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20
Q

if blood plasma is 100 mEq/L in blood plassma and 117 mEq/L in interstitial fluid how much Cl- are there in intracellular fluid?

A

3

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21
Q

if blood plasma is 24 mEq/L in blood plassma and 27 mEq/L in interstitial fluid how much HCO3- are there in intracellular fluid?

A

15 mEq/L

22
Q

if blood plasma is 2 mEq/L in blood plassma and 2 mEq/L in interstitial fluid how much (HPO4)2- are there in intracellular fluid?

A

100 mEq/L

23
Q

if blood plasma is 1 mEq/L in blood plassma and 1 mEq/L in interstitial fluid how much (SO4)2- are there in intracellular fluid?

A

20 mEq/L

24
Q

if blood plasma is 20 mEq/L in blood plassma and 2 mEq/L in interstitial fluid how much Protein anions are there in intracellular fluid?

A

50 mEq/L

25
Q

electrolytes in the body fluids

A

sodium ions (Na+), Chloride ions (Cl-), Potassium ions (K+), Bicarbonate ions (HCO3), Calcium, Magnesium (Mg2+), Phosphate

26
Q

a major homeostatic challenge is keeping the H+ concentration of body fluids at an appropriate level; is of critical importance of normal cellular function

A

acid-base balance

27
Q

normal Ph range of system arterial blood

A

7.35 and 7.45

28
Q

normal blood plasma range in systemic arterial blood and in systemic venous blood

A

22-26 mEq/L; 23-27 mEq/L

29
Q

main regulators of blood HCO3- concentration

A

kidneys

30
Q

a condition in which blood pH is below 7.35

A

acidosis (acidemia)

31
Q

a condition in which blood pH is higher than 7.45

A

Alkalosis

32
Q

what helps blood pH back toward normal range due to metabolic causes?

A

hyperventilation or hypoventilation (respiratory compensation)

33
Q

what helps blood pH back toward normal range due to respiratory causes?

A

(renal compensation) secretion of H+ and reabsorption of HCO3- by kidney tubules

34
Q

an abnormally high PCO2 in systemic arterial blood- above 45 mmHg; inadequate exhalation of CO2

A

Respiratory Acidosis

35
Q

systemic arterial blood PCO2 falls below 35 mmHg

A

Respiratory alkalosis

36
Q

the systemic arterial blood HCO3- level drops below 22 mEq/L

A

Metabolic acidosis

37
Q

in metabolic acidosis, what helps to bring blood pH into normal range if the problem is not too severe?

A

hyperventilation (respiratory compensation)

38
Q

administering intravenous solutions of sodium bicarbonate and correcting the cause of acidosis treatment of __________

A

metabolic acidosis

39
Q

systemic blood HCO3- concentration is above 26 mEq/L; loss of acid; excess alkaline

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

40
Q

what brings blood pH back to normal range from metabolic alkalosis?

A

hypoventilation (respiratory compensation)

41
Q

giving fluid solutions to correct Cl-, K+, and other electrolyte plus correcting the cause of ______

A

alkalosis

42
Q

inadequate intake of Na+; loss of Na+ in urine, vomit, or diarrhea; impaired ability of the kidneys ot produce dilute urine

A

hyponatremia

43
Q

often occurs in older adults who chronically use laxatives (for constipation) or who take K+- depleting diuretic drugs for treatment of hypertension or heart desease

A

hypokalemia

44
Q

decrease production of NH3 by renal tubule cells, which makes it not available to combine with H+ to be secreted as NH4+ in urine

A

cause of acidosis

45
Q

reduced exhalation of CO2

A

cause of acidosis

46
Q

main regulators of blood HCO3- concentration

A

kidneys

47
Q

most abundant mineral in the body; for blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, maintenance of muscle tone, and excitability of nervous and muscle tissue

A

Calcium

48
Q

Most important regulator of Ca+2 concentration

A

parathyroid hormone

49
Q

regulate level of HPO42- in blood plasma

A

parathyroid hormone and calcitriol

50
Q

respiratory acid-base balance range

A

35 mmHg - 45 mmHg

51
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

22 mmHg- 26 mmHg

ANAPHY LEC FINALS (8 decks)

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