DIGESTIVE REVIEW

Question 1

what are the glands in your tongue?

Answer 1

sublingual glands, submandibular glands, parotid glands

Question 2

the
space bounded externally by the cheeks and lips and internally by the
gums and teeth.

Answer 2

oral vestibule

Question 3

is the space that extends
from the gums and teeth to the fauces

Answer 3

oral cavity proper

Question 4

the
opening between the oral cavity and the oropharynx (throat).

Answer 4

fauces

Question 5

is a wall or septum that separates the oral cavity from
the nasal cavity, and forms the roof of the mouth. This important
structure makes it possible to chew and breathe at the same time.

Answer 5

palate

Question 6

—the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth—is
formed by the maxillae and palatine bones and is covered by a mucous membrane; it forms a bony partition between the oral and nasal
cavities

Answer 6

hard palate

Question 7

which forms the posterior portion of the roof
of the mouth, is an arch-shaped muscular partition between the
oropharynx and nasopharynx that is lined with mucous membrane.

Answer 7

soft palate

Question 8

During
swallowing, the soft palate and uvula are drawn superiorly, closing off
the nasopharynx and preventing swallowed foods and liquids from
entering the nasal cavity.

Answer 8

uvula

Question 9

Lateral to the base of the uvula are two
muscular folds that run down the lateral sides of the soft palate

Answer 9

palatoglossal arch, palatopharyngeal
arch

Question 10

Anteriorly, extends to the
side of the base of the tongue

Answer 10

palatoglossal arch

Question 11

posteriorly, extends to the side of the pharynx.

Answer 11

palatopharyngeal
arch

Question 12

The
palatine tonsils are situated between the arches, and the lingual tonsils
are situated at the base of the tongue.

Answer 12

remember this

Question 13

At the posterior border of the soft
palate, the mouth opens into the oropharynx through the fauces

Answer 13

remember this !

Question 14

a gland that releases a secretion
called saliva into the oral cavity; moist and to cleanse the mouth and teeth; lubricates, dissolves, and begins the chemical breakdown of the food.

Answer 14

salivary gland

Question 15

are located inferior and
anterior to the ears, between the skin and the masseter muscle.

Answer 15

parotid glands

Question 16

secretes saliva into the oral cavity via?

Answer 16

parotid duct

Question 17

are found in the floor of the mouth; they are medial
and partly inferior to the body of the mandible.

Answer 17

submandibular glands

Question 18

run under the mucosa on either side of the midline of the floor of the mouth and enter the oral cavity proper lateral to
the lingual frenulum

Answer 18

submandibular ducts

Question 19

are beneath the tongue and superior to the submandibular glands.

Answer 19

sublingual glands

Question 20

open into the floor of the mouth
in the oral cavity proper

Answer 20

lesser sublingual ducts

Question 21

saliva is _________% water and_______% solutes

Answer 21

99.5; 0.5

Question 22

what are the solutes (ions) of saliva?

Answer 22

sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, and phosphate

Question 23

main digestive enzymes

Answer 23

Amylase (made in the mouth and pancreas; breaks down complex carbohydrates) Lipase (made in the pancreas; breaks down fats) Protease (made in the pancreas; breaks down proteins)

Question 24

ions in the saliva activate salivary
amylase; an enzyme that starts the breakdown of starch in
the mouth into maltose, maltotriose, and α-dextrin

Answer 24

Chloride ions

Question 25

accounts for the presence of urea and uric acid in saliva

Answer 25

Salivary glands

Question 26

prevents attachment
of microbes so they cannot penetrate the epithelium, and the enzyme
lysozyme kills bacteria; however, these substances are not present in
large enough quantities to eliminate all oral bacteria.

Answer 26

Immunoglobulin A (IgA)

Question 27

The secretion of saliva, called salivation
is controlled by the ________________ system.

Answer 27

autonomic nervous

Question 28

_______________ stimulation promotes
continuous secretion of a moderate amount of saliva

Answer 28

parasympathetic

Question 29

_________________ stimulation
dominates during stress, resulting in dryness of the mouth.

Answer 29

Sympathetic

Question 30

Chemicals in the food stimulate receptors in taste buds
on the tongue, and impulses are conveyed from the taste buds to two
salivary nuclei in the brain stem

Answer 30

superior and inferior salivatory
nuclei