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MedSurg 1 > Fluid/ Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluid/ Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

signs hypernatremia

A

disorientation

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2
Q

signs hyperkalemia

A

U-waves on ECG, n/v, heart palpitations, abdominal pain, musc weakness or numbness

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3
Q

signs hypocalcemia

A

Tetany (intermittent musc. spasms)

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4
Q

signs hypermagnesemia

A

depressed deep tendon reflex

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5
Q

sign fluid overload

A

weight gain, hypertension, edema, jugular vein distension, crackles lungs,

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6
Q

signs fluid deficit

A

thirst, inelastic skin turgor, hypotension, oliguria

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7
Q

water v adipose tissue ratio

A

mre fat= less water

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8
Q

ecf

v intracellular

A

separated by cell membrane
extracellular cf- outside cells (intravasc- arteries, veins and cap/ plasma) (interstitial- area around cells incl NaCl and H2))

intracellular- within cells 2/3 body water

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9
Q

capillary mem

A

sep extracellular intravascular space and intersitial space

semiperm mem

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10
Q

passive transport incl

A

osmosis diffusion filtration

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11
Q

osmosis

A

mvmnt fluid across semiperm mem

low solute to high solute conc

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12
Q

diffusion

A

mvmnt ions/ mol across semiperm mem

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13
Q

filtration

A

water and solutes mve to area lower hydrostatic pressure

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14
Q

osmolality

A

measure # particles diss in a solution
norm 275-295
effects tonicity (whether water move or stay)

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15
Q

hyperosmolality

A

> 295

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16
Q

hypo-osmolality

A

<275

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17
Q

osmotic p

A

p needed prevent osmosis through mem
btw solution and solvent
ex. isotonic

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18
Q

hypotonic sol

A

lwr osmotic p than blood

shift fluid into cells

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19
Q

hypertonic sol

A

higher osmotic p than blood

shift fluid out of cells

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20
Q

RAAS

A

blood vol dec=dec renal perfusion
syn renin
renin combines w/ angiotensinogen to for ag1
converted to ag2
stim adrenal cortex release aldosterone
inc kidney reabsorb Na
water flows back to ECF (water follows salt)

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21
Q

ADH

A

secreted by posterior pit. gland
in response to inc osmolality
sensed in hypothal by osmo recep
inc water reabsorb

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22
Q

atrial natriuretic peptide

A

released when heart atriums stretched= hypertension

dec fluid retention via blocking secretion of aldosterone and inhib renin

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23
Q

hypovolemia and causes

A

diminished blood vol

fluid loss, vomiting, diarrh, fever, lack fluid intake, burns, pancreatitis

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24
Q

hypovolemia symptoms

A

hypotension, tachycardia, thirst, poor skin turgor, dry muc mem dec urine output, shock

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25
hypovolemia treat
isotonic sol | antidiarr/antiemetic
26
hypervolemia and causes
fluid excess in intravasc space inc na and water retention fluid shift from intracellular to extracellular heart/ renal failure
27
edema
fluid excess in interstitial space
28
signs hypervolemia
edema, dyspnea, crackles, tachypnea, hypertension, dis neck veins, edema, ventricular gallop
29
hypervolemia treatment
restrict na/fluid intake | diuretics, mech ventilation, dialysis
30
sodium ecf
water distribution | nerve/musc fiber transmission
31
sodium regulation
dietary intake excretion via kidneys hormonal- aldosterone (Na reabsorb) ADH- water reabsorb
32
hyponatremia
<135 | water into cells
33
hypernatremia
>145 | water out of cells
34
hyponatremia causes
Na loss | Gi, diuretics, sweating, excess water intake
35
causes hypernatremia
rapid infusion hypertonic saline | loss water- diarrh, diab inspipidus, impaired thirst center
36
manifestations hyponatremia
headache, weakness, edema, n/v, disorientation, agitation, seizures, anorexia
37
manifestations hypernatremia
thirst, dec skin turgor, weak/rapid pulse, oliguria, irritability, dec reflexes, hallucination
38
hypernatremia treatment
hypotonic sol
39
potassium icf
3.5-5 est normal resting mem potential changes glucose to glycogen and aa to protein
40
K+ regulation
filtered through glomerulus reabsorb prox tubules excreted distal convoluted tubules excretion via kidneys hormonal reg via aldosterone
41
hypokalemia
<3.5
42
Hyperkalemia
>3.5
43
hypokalemia causes
alkalosis alcoholism diuretics anorexia
44
causes hyperkalemia
intake supp Ca acidosis burns renal failure
45
manifestations hypokalemia
``` muscle fatigue apnea flat T wave large U wave prolonged Pr interval ```
46
manifestations hyperkalemia
``` abdomial pain tingling fingers tall t wave wide qrs ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest ```
47
treatment hyperkalemia
reduce K+ rich foods 50% glucose iv insulin give kayexalate
48
treatment hypokalemia
diet change | iv potassium
49
chloride lvl
95-105 | maintains acid/b bal, osmotic p and acidity of gastric secretions ie HCL
50
chloride reg
dietary intake excretion via kid reabsorb w/ Na if acidic= Cl excreted
51
Hypochloremia causes
<95 loss acid vomiting
52
Hyperchloremia causes
>105 | excessive intake, dec excretion
53
hypochloremia manifestations
meta alkalosis hypertonicity muscles depressed respir tetany
54
hyperchloremia manifestations
metabolic acidosis rapid respir weakness coma
55
Calcium
``` 8.5-10.5 found bones, teeth, blood muscles neuromusc fun, trans nerve impulses contraction muscles,, blood clotting, maint cell mem perm formation bones ```
56
Ca reg
``` dietary intake vitamin D PTH reg absorp and excretion- release Ca into blood Calcitonin- dec bone reabsorb inverse relationship w/ Phosphate!! ```
57
hypocalcemia causes
hyperphosphatemia vitamin d deficiency hypoalbuminemia
58
causes hypercalcemia
hypophosphatemia renal failure cancer thyroid disorder
59
hypocalcemia manif
``` pins/needles musc cramping numbess hypotension seizures poor clotting dec myocardial contractility chvostek sign ```
60
hypercalcemia manif
anorexia, constipation, hypertonicity, dec heart rate, confusion
61
Mg
``` 1.5 to 2.5 stored soft tissue/bone enzyme act carb/protein metab synprotein/ dna electrical act heart, musc, nerves ```
62
regulation Mg
dietary intake pth Ca inc = less Mg excreted kid
63
hypomagnesemia
<1.5
64
Hypermagnesemia
>2.5
65
causes hypomagnesia
``` malnutrition prolonged NPO SIDAH hypercalcemia diuretics ```
66
causes hypermagnesemia
dec renal excretion inc intake (antacids) soft tissue injury
67
manif hypomagnesia
anorexia, n/v, weakness, tetany
68
manif hypermagnesemia
musc flaccid, dec breathing rate, hypotension, bradycardia, atrioventricular block

MedSurg 1 (9 decks)

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