Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance Important Terms

Question 1

acidosis

Answer 1

blood too acidic

Question 2

alkolosis

Answer 2

blood too basic

Question 3

anion gap

Answer 3

difference between concentrations of serum cations and anions

determined by measuring concentrations of sodium cations and chloride and bicarbonate anions

Question 4

autologous transfusion

Answer 4

procedure in which blood is removed from a donor and stored for a variable period before it is returned to the donor’s own circulation

Question 5

buffers

Answer 5

substance(s) that can absorb or release hydrogen ions to correct an acid-base imbalance

Question 6

colloid osmotic pressure

Answer 6

abnormal condition of the kidney caused by the pressure of concentrations of large particles such as protein molecules that will pass through a membrane

Question 7

crystalloids

Answer 7

salt solutions used for fluid replacement

Question 8

extracellular fluid (ECF)

Answer 8

portion of body fluids composed of interstitial fluid and blood plasma

Question 9

extravasation

Answer 9

when an IV becomes dislodged and IV fluid that contains additives that damage tissue enters subcutaneous tissue around the venipuncture site

Question 10

filtration

Answer 10

the movement of fluid into and out of capillaries

Question 11

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 11

pressure caused by a liquid

Question 12

hypercalcemia

Answer 12

greater-than-normal amount of calcium in the blood

Question 13

hyperkalemia

Answer 13

greater-than-normal amount of potassium in the blood

Question 14

hypermagnesium

Answer 14

greater-than-normal amount of magnesium in the blood

Question 15

hypernatremia

Answer 15

greater-than-normal amount of sodium in the blood

Question 16

hypertonic

Answer 16

one solution has greater amount of solute than another, so solvent moves from second to first solution

Question 17

hypotonic

Answer 17

one solution has a lesser amount of solute than another, so solvent moves from first to second solution

Question 18

hypovolemia

Answer 18

abnormally low circulation of blood volume

Question 19

infilitration

Answer 19

dislodging of IV from a vein into subcutaneous space

Question 20

interstitial fluid

Answer 20

fluid that fills the spaces between most cells in the body

Question 21

intracellular fluid (ICF)

Answer 21

liquid within the cell membrane

Question 22

intravascular fluid

Answer 22

fluid circulating within the blood vessels of the body

Question 23

isotonic

Answer 23

two solutions have the same concentration of solute so no movement happens

Question 24

metabolic acidosis

Answer 24

abnormal condition of high hydrogen ion concentration in the extracellular fluid caused by increase in hydrogen ions or decrease in bicarbonate

Question 25

metabolic alkalosis

Answer 25

abnormal condition characterized by the significant loss of acid from the body or increased levels of bicarbonate

Question 26

oncotic pressure

Answer 26

total influence of the protein on the osmotic activity of the the plasma fluid

Question 27

osmolarity

Answer 27

concentration or osmotic pressure of a solution expressed in osmoles or milliosmoles per kilogram of water

Question 28

phlebitis

Answer 28

inflammation of a vein

Question 29

respiratory acidosis

Answer 29

abnormal condition characterized by increased arterial carbon dioxide concentration, excess carbonic acid, and increased hydrogen ion concentration

Question 30

respiratory alkalosis

Answer 30

abnormal condition characterized by decreased arterial carbon dioxide concentration and hydrogen ion concentration

Question 31

transfusion reaction

Answer 31

systemic response by the body to the administration of blood incompatible with that of the recipient

Question 32

venipuncture

Answer 32

technique in which a vein is punctured transcutaneously by a sharp rigid stylet (ie.: butterfly needle), a cannula (ie.: an angiocatheter that contains flexible plastic catheter), or a needle attached to a syringe