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Nursing 135 > Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid base balance > Flashcards

Fluid, Electrolytes, and Acid base balance Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the body Fluids?

A

Water, electrolytes, soluble gases and non-electrolytes (blood, glucose, urea)

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2
Q

What are the functions of water in the body?

A

Transporting nutrients to cells and wastes from cells
Transport hormones, enzymes, blood platelets, and RBC and WBC
Cellular metabolism and proper cellular chemical functioning

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3
Q

What fluid helps maintain normal body temperature?

A

Water

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4
Q

True or False: Does water facilitate digestion and promoting elimination?

A

True

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5
Q

True or False: Does water aid in tissue lubrication?

A

True

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6
Q

What is the total body weight for lifespan?

A 
Newborn premature:  85%
Newborn full-term:  70%-80%
Child 1-12yr:  64%
puberty to 39yrs Male: 60% Female 52%
40-60yrs:  Male 55% Female 47%
60 and over:  Male 52% Female 46%
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7
Q

True or False: Does muscle contain less water than Fat?

A

False: Fat contains less water than muscle

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8
Q

What are infants more prone to when it comes to Total body water(TBW)?

A

Fluid volume deficits

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9
Q

True or False: Women and obese people have greater amount of Water?

A

False. They have less water

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10
Q

What does ICF mean?

A

Intracellular Fluid (70%)

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11
Q

ECF means?

A

Extracellular Fluid (30%)

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12
Q

Does Transport of O2, nutrients and waste products of cellular metabolism occur extracellular or intracellular?

A

Extracellular Fluid

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13
Q

What is Intracellular fluid made up of?

A

Glucose, oxygen, Mineral and electrolytes (GOME)

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14
Q

Intracellular fluid is made up of major electrolytes, what are they?

A

K, Phosphate, MG and Sulfate

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15
Q

Where is interstitial fluid located at?

A

Fluid outside the blood vessel, between the cells

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16
Q

Intravascular fluid

A

Plasma; fluid inside blood and lymphatic vessels

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17
Q

What are the major electrolytes of Extracellular fluid?

A

Sodium, Chloride and bicarbonate

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18
Q

True or False: Extracellular fluid maintains B/P?

A

True

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19
Q

Chemical compounds capable of breaking into particles are called what?

A

Ions

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20
Q

When dissolved in water ________ carry electrical charges?

A

Ions

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21
Q

Which electrolytes are not stored and must be taken in daily?

A

Sodium chloride and potassium

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22
Q

What are the cations of Electrolytes?

A

Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg+

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23
Q

What are the Anions of Electrolytes?

A

Cl, Phosphate (HPO4), Bicarbonate (HCO3)

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24
Q

What is classified as homeostasis for electrolytes?

A

Total cations equal to total anions

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25
What regulates plasma osmolarity?
Sodium
26
ECF volume is controlled by what electrolyte?
Sodium
27
Can the body store excess sodium?
No excess is excreted though voiding
28
transmission of impulses in nerve and muscle fivers are controlled by what?
NA-K pump
29
What is the normal sodium levels?
135-145 mEq/L
30
This is electrolyte is a major Cation in ICF?
K (potassium)
31
What are the normal levels of K?
3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L
32
This electrolyte maintains volume of fluid within the cell?
Potassium
33
_____ plays major role in K regulation?
Kidneys
34
What does not allow the storage of K within the body?
Aldosterone
35
What is the most abundant ECF cation in the body?
Ca (Calcium)
36
There are 2 types of Ca serum. What are they?
Bound (to proteins) | Unbound (Ionized) forms (physiological functions)
37
What percentage of Ionized Ca is in the blood?
50% of Ca is in the blood - responsible for imbalances s/s - this is the active form
38
____ is combined w/albumin
Bound Ca
39
What is responsible for increasing Ca by mobilizing calcium from the bones?
Parathyroid hormone
40
True or False: With low ionized Ca will the parathyroid hormone increase intestinal absorption and renal reabsorption?
True
41
Increased calcium decreases what?
Serum phosphorus
42
What are the bound serum levels for Calcium?
8.6 - 10.2 mg/dl
43
What are the unbound (ionized) Calcium Serum levels?
4.5 - 5.1 mg/dl
44
Magnesium is prodominantly intracellular or extracellular fluid?
Intracellular Fluid
45
Where is Magnesium found and what percentages are found there?
60% in bones and muscles
46
What are the normal serum levels of magnesium?
1.3 - 2.3 mEq/L
47
Phosphorus are predominantly found where?
Bones and teeth
48
What regulates phosphorus?
Parathyroid and vitamin D
49
Increased phosphorus equals what?
Decreased Calcium
50
What are the normal Phosphorus levels?
2.5 - 4.5 mg/dl
51
True or False: | Does Illness have the ability to potentially effect or disrupt homeostasis of electrolytes?
True
52
The body maintains and controls two aspects of fluids. What are they?
``` The volume of fluid in the extracellular space (Vascular volume) Water concentration (osmolarity) of all body fluids - influences the volume of ECF and ICF ```
53
Vascular volume is equal or the same as what?
Blood Pressure
54
What does Baroreceptors monitor?
Blood Pressure
55
Renin is an enzyme released by what?
Kidney
56
Decreased fluid volume also decreases what?
Decreased B/P, and Decreased renal blood flow
57
Angiotensionogen is produced where and circulates where?
Produced by liver and circulates through blood
58
Angiotensin Converting enzymes in lungs convert from what to what?
Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
59
Aldosterone regulates what?
Sodium
60
Where is aldosterone released?
adrenal cortex of the kidneys
61
Water and chloride follows what?
Sodium
62
Atrial natriuretic peptide hormone is located where?
Atria and ventricles in the heart
63
Atrial natriuretic peptides responds to what?
Increased pressure in the Atria, and also increased ECF fluid or volume
64
What is Osmolarity?
Proportion of dissolved particles in a volume of fluid
65
What are the normal plasma levels?
280-300 mOsm/L
66
What is Tonicity?
measure of osmotic pressure of two solutions separated by a semipermeable membranes
67
Isotonic is defined as what?
Solution that has the same osmolarity as plasma (275-295 mOsm/L
68
What is Hypotonic?
Solution that has an osmolarity that is less than blood plasma (275 mOsm/L)
69
What is Hypertonic?
Solution has greater osmolarity than blood plasma
70
Osmoreceptors are located where and response to what?
Located in the Hypothalamus and responds to increase osmolarity
71
When water is absorbed to the GI tract what happens to osmolarity?
Osmolarity is decreased
72
If a person is thirsty how long before they are thirsty again?
15 mins
73
How long does it take for water to distribute throughout the body?
30 mins to an hour
74
Where is ADH produced?
Anterior portion of hypothalamus
75
Where is ADH secreted from?
Posterior pituitary gland
76
What is active transport?
energy needed to move a large particle or substance across an area of high pressure
77
Pushing force for capillary filtration?
Hydrostatic pressure
78
Filtration pressure
Pressure that result in the movement of the fluid an solutes out of a compartment
79
What is osmotic pressure?
Force that draws the water from less concentrated solution thru a selectively permeable membrane into a more concentrated solution
80
What contributes to osmotic pressure and pull fluid back into capillaries?
Plasma proteins
81
Pressure produced by plasma proteins are called what?
Colloid Oncotic pressure
82
Hydrostatic pressure minus osmotic pressure is what?
Filtration pressure
83
PEDS maintenance fluid calc are what?
0-10 Kg = 100 ml per Kg 11-20 Kg = 1000 ml + 50 ml for every Kg over 10Kg >20 Kg = 1500 + 20 ml for every Kg over 20 Kg
84
Person who is suffering from anorexia what electrolytes are loss during vomiting?
Loss of K and Na

Nursing 135 (8 decks)

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