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Nursing 135 > Urination > Flashcards

Urination Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

What artery brings blood to glomerulus of each nephron

A

Renal artery

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2
Q

When blood filters through glomerular capillary. Where is it moved to?

A

Bowmans Capsule

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3
Q

Fluid filtered through the glomerulus is what?

A

Glomerular filtrate

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4
Q

What is the fluid of the glomerulus made up of?

A

Water electrolytes and glucose

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5
Q

True or False: Every 30 minutes the total body volume passes through the kidneys?

A

True

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the ureters

A

Pass urine from the kidney to the bladder

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7
Q

What nervous system is the bladder associated with?

A

Autonomic Nervous system

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8
Q

What part of the autonomic system does the bladder control

A

Sympathetic: Bladder relaxed urine kept in bladder
Parasympathetic: Relaxation of internal sphincter=Urination

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9
Q

Where does reabsorption process for urine?

A

Proximal tubules, Loop of Henle, Distal tubules into collecting tubules

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10
Q

How much does a person reabsorb fluid?

A

99%

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11
Q

What molecules does the body not like present?

A

H+, K+, ammonia, creatinine, uric acid and other metabolites

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12
Q

What does GFR stands for?

A

Glomerular Filtration Rate

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13
Q

What does GFR do?

A

Water and dissolved substances are filtered out of the blood and into the kidneys

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14
Q

What is a normal GFR in adults at rest?

A

125 mL/min from the filtrate removed from the blood

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15
Q

How many layers of muscle tissue is the bladder made up of?

A

3 layers

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16
Q

Is voiding conscious or unconscious?

A

Conscious

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17
Q

How often does an adult void?

A

6-8x a day or every 3-4 hours

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18
Q

How much fluid volume should an individual produce a day?

A

1200-1500ml/day

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19
Q

When should you be concerned when fluid output is low?

A

30ml in an hour

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20
Q

how often does newborns void

A

30-40x a day

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21
Q

Are the kidneys fully developed for newborns?

A

Reabsorption and filtration are inadequate

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22
Q

True or False: Pink urine may be seen in first void of newborn?

A

True: due to accumulation of uric acid crystals

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23
Q

what are normal ranges for urine output for lifespans?

A 
Newborn-2 = 500-600 ml
2-5  500-800ml
5-8  600-1200ml
8-14 1000-1500ml
14 and over  1500ml
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24
Q

When does a child have control over voiding?

A

18-24 mos

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25
Enuresis
Involuntary passing of urine when control should be established (5 you)
26
Nocturnal enuresis
Bed wettings
27
Is nocturnal enuresis genetic?
Yes
28
Are older women more prone to urinary incontinence then men?
Yes 2x greater due to estrogen and weakened pelvic muscles
29
What are psychological factors affecting urine
Thinking of voiding running water pour over thigh - hands in cold/warm water stress - increase or unable to go Social - need for privacy, own home, afraid to be wet
30
What diseases are associated with renal problems?
``` Congenital urinary Tract abnormalities Polycystic kidney disease UTI Urinary calculi Hypertension DM Gout Connective tissue disorders ```
31
Hydronephrosis
Dilation of renal pelvis
32
What does PKD do?
inherited disorder in which clusters of cysts develop primarily within your kidneys
33
If there is less than 30 ml of urine for 2 consecutive hours what happens?
Decrease perfusion to vital organs
34
When does the bladder become flaccid?
Occurs after stroke or spinal injury
35
When does micturition occur when your bladder is flaccid?
Reflex voiding when slightly stretched | neurogenic bladder fills w/o ability to respond to stretch retention
36
What does diuretics do to the body?
Prevents reabsorption of water and certain electrolytes in tubles
37
What does cholinergic meds do to the body?
Stimulate contraction of detrusor muscle, producing urination
38
Antispasmodics
Muscle relaxation for overactive bladders
39
Anticholinergics
Urinary retention b/c block parasympathetic response
40
Analgesic and tranquilizers
Suppress CNS, diminish effectiveness or neural reflex
41
What meds affect urine color?
``` Anticoagulants: Red urine Diuretics: Pale yellow pyridium: orange to orange-red elavil: green or blue-green levodopa: brown or black ```
42
What is the leading cause of systemic infections in older adults
UTI
43
Is Urine sterile or unsterile?
Urine is sterile
44
What pt are at risk for UTI?
``` Sexually active women diaphragms for contraception postmenopausal women indwelling urinary catheter DM older adults ```
45
Symptoms of Urosepsis?
Fever Tachycardia Tachypnea Hypotension
46
Clean catch culture
ID's bacterial count >100,000
47
Prevention measures to avoid UTI's
``` Avoid cath no tight clothing - cotton undergarments no bubble baths or irritants plenty of fluids Hygiene Drink 8 oz before and after sex void frequently every 2-3hrs after sex blueberry/ cranberry 10oz ```
48
Urinary incontinence
Involuntary loss of urine
49
Transient
Appears suddenly and lasts 6 months or less
50
Mixed
Urine loss with features of two or more types of incontinence
51
Overflow
over distention and overflow or bladder
52
Functional
Caused by factors outside the urinary tract
53
Reflex
Emptying the bladder without sensation of need to void
54
Stress incontinence
Involuntary loss of urine small amounts 30-50ml occurs w/coughing, sneezing, laughing, lifting, joggings, changing positions increase in women increased abdominal pressures from coughing sneezing or weak pelvic support
55
Urge incontinence
Involuntary loss of urine occurring soon after a strong sense of urgency to void - simultaneously feels urge to void and loss of urine
56
Key hole incontinence
Get to the door but can't get to the bathroom - large amounts of urine loss
57
Overactive bladder
Decreased bladder capacity, irritation of bladder
58
Total incontinence
Continuous involuntary unpredictable loss of urine from non-distended bladder
59
Urinary Diversion
Surgical procedure in which the normal pathway of urine elimination is altered- ureters rerouted to new outlet created in clients abdomen
60
Urinary diversion permanent or temporary?
Both, depends on what is needed
61
what is an ideal conduit
Cutaneous urinary diversion that involves a surgical reaction of the small intestine w/ transplantation of the ureters to the isolated segment of the small bowel
62
CONTINENT URINARY DIVERSION
NEOBLADDER-bladder removed and pouch created from a portion of small bowel
63
Dysuria
painful voiding
64
Frequency
increase voiding without increase fluids
65
Hesitancy
difficulty beginning a stream or urine
66
urgency
Sting desire to void
67
Polyuria
Large amounts voided at any given time/daily 2500-3000ml without any intake
68
Oliguria
Diminished amount voided
69
Anuria
Technically no urine
70
Hematuria
Blood in urine
71
Pyuria
Pus in urine
72
Concentrated
Specific gravity>1.025
73
Proteinuria
Protein in urine
74
Suppression
Stoppage of urine production
75
BPH
Benign prostatic hypertrophy
76
What is objective data for Urinary elimination?
Har, urinal, bedpan, indwelling catheter Color, clarity, odor, presence of blood or sediments I/O
77
Bladder ultrasound do you need a Dr. order?
NO, nurse can perform without dr. orders
78
objective data physical assessment
Inspection of bladder, palpation level of umbilicus move towards symphysis pubis
79
Where can the doppler bladder ultrasound be performed at ?
Bedside
80
What is turbidity
Cloudiness observed in freshly voided urine, may be due to RBC, WBC, Bacteria, vaginal discharge, sperm, prostatic fluid
81
Normal urine pH
4.6-8
82
Specific Gravity
Measure of concentration dissolved solids in the urine. 1.015 to 1.025
83
Constituents
Organic: Uric acid, creatinine, hippuric acid, indian, urene pigments, and undetermined nitrogen Inorganic: ammonia, sodium, chloride, traces of iron, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, and calcium
84
BUN
Blood Urea nitrogen
85
What does BUN test do?
Measures urea nitrogen in blood
86
What is normal BUN
8-25 mg/dl
87
Normal creatinine levels?
Male .6-1.2mg/DL | Female: .5-1.1mg/dl
88
Clearance test?
Identify losses in kidney functions to determine amount of blood a persons kidney can clear within a given amount of time
89
Ture or False: Serum creatinine should be collected immediately after test completed
True
90
What does Creatinine test perform?
Measures GFR on ability to filter creatinine from the blood in ml/minute via kidney
91
KUB performance?
Radiology test of abdomen and pelvis
92
Pyelogram
IV injected and filtered through kidneys, ureters and bladder
93
Cystoscopy
Examination of the bladder
94
Do you need informed consent for Cystoscopy?
Yes. invasive procedure
95
What is a goal for Urinary elimination?
Promote and maintain normal voiding patterns
96
What implementation is necessary?
Promoting fluid intake of 1500-2kml/ daily lifestyle changes scheduled voiding regimens habitant retraining
97
Urethral canal lumens in FR?
children 8-12 FR Adults 14-16 Males 18

Nursing 135 (8 decks)

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