Fluid management

Question 1

how much is intracelllar and extracellular

Answer 1

intra 2/3 Extra 1/3
From ECF , 1/4 is intravascular (plasma 3-3.5 L)

Question 2

who is at most risk of abnormal fluid states

Answer 2

babies and elders

Question 3

How would urine show if it was extrarenal loss vs renal loss ?

Answer 3

Extrarenal loss - very concentrated urine
Renal loss– very dilute urine

Question 4

how to treat severe depletion of circulatory shock ?

Answer 4

Give Bolus of fluid with a 14-16 gage (biggest)

Question 5

Needle gage 14-16

Answer 5

smallest numer is considered biggest gauge

Question 6

D5WNS does it exist?

Answer 6

no!! because this once NS is added, the W (water) is gone on the D5

Question 7

how much Na, Cl and K and glucose do we need?

Answer 7

154 - Na, Cl
50-100- K
100-200 glucose

Question 8

Give an example of Hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions

Answer 8

D5W - hypotonic
0.9NS, lactated Ringer - isotnic
D51/2NS- hypertonic

Question 9

What are colloids? and the most common colloid ?

Answer 9

are larger molecues compared to crystalloids and are much more expensive
-Albumin

Question 10

Two medications that cause Volume excess

Answer 10

Diuretics and preload reducers

Question 11

first Line therapy used for HErEF and MOA

Answer 11

sacubitril/valsartan

(remember to stop ACEI for 72 hrs )
MOA: inhibits neprilysin

Question 12

Where do MRAs (mineral corticoid receotor antagonist) work on?

Answer 12

distal tubules and collecting tubules