Fluid Regulation Flashcards
(26 cards)
ICF:ECF
2:1
Avg water recomendation a day
2.2L/day
Hypertonic vs hypotonic solution
hyper- higher solute outside cell
hypo- higher solute inside cell
Pressurees that regulate filtration
Blood hydrostatic pressure- force of fluid against wall
Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure- Tissue pros in intertitial fluid
Pressures that regulation reabsorbtion
Blood colloid osmotic pressure- large pros in blood
Intertitial fluid hydrostatic pressure- fluid against capillary wall
Net filration at atrial end vs venous end
atrial- BHP> BCOP
Venous- BCOP> BHP
it terms of filtration and reabsorbtion when will there be swelling
Filtration> reabsorbtion
What is mild, severe dehydration
Mild- water loss <10%
Mod- Water loss >10%
(death occurs @ loss of 15-25%)
What 2 things increase blood volume
Angiotension 2, ADH
How does Angiotension II work
Stims vasocontriction (increase BP), HR, aldersterone release (causing reabsorbtion of Na = more blood volume)
What does ADH do
limits urination
inserts water porins of renal collecting ducts
What does medial preoptic nuc cause
Activates thirst centers
decreased flow of saliva excites neurons, increased angiotension released
What does increased blood volume cause
Atria in heart streched
-Releases ANP which excretess NA and lower Blood volume
Types of hemaomas
Petechiae- 1-3mm
Purpura- 3-1cm
ecchymosis- >1cm
general steps of hemostasis
- Temp vasoconstriction
- Primary hemostatis (platelet plug)
- Secondary hemostasis (clot formation)
- clot retraction (scab)
- Clot dissolution
What are platlets made of and what are they pre filled w
Cell frags of megakaryocytes
- Von Willebrant factor (for adherence)
- Thromboxane ( for contraction)
- Cytokines/chemokines
- GFs
What happens in temp vasocontraction/ what causes it
Mediated by contraction of smooth mm (thromboxine + seretonin)
(only lasts few mins)
What happens in primary hemostasis
- Platlets accumulate to form plug
- Bound platlets release ADP which attract more platlets
- Release PDGF which promotes endothelial prolif
- platlets form bridges w eachother via fibrinogen
What happens in secondary hemostasis (and what mediates it)
- Meshwork of fibrin + other cellular components
- fibrin acts like gel like mesh that reinforces platelet plug (must be cross linked by factor 8)
What is the extrincic and intrinsic path of secondary hemostasis (what activates eitehr)
Ext- by ext trauma. Tissue factor 3 enters blood to initiate
Int- Trauma inside blood vessel. Proteases initiate (slow)
Both need Factor X for fibrin prod.
What happens in clot retraction and clot dissolution
retraction- clot filamints contract, bringing together + squeezing fluid out)
dissolution- plasmin digests fibrin strands
What is thromboartopenia (s+s)
decreased platlet count
-Spontaneous hemotomas, nose bleeds, prolonged bleeding
Hemophilia
Inabiluty to clot due to absent ot abrant coagulation factors
what is thrombosis (+ embolus)
Thrombosis- clot that forms in blood vessels
embolus- a thrombus that breaks off and lodges in narrow vessel
