Fluid Therapy

Question 1

What are the functions of water?

Answer 1

• transportation of nutrients and oxygen across cells
• solvent for minerals and nutrients- increased metabolic process
• body temp reg
• flushes metabolic (liver) and excretory (kidney) wastes
• moistens tissues
• lubricates joints

Question 2

What are the different percentages of fluid distribution in the body? (Total Body Water, ECF, ICF, IVF, and ISF)

Answer 2

60% TBW
Of the 60% of TBW- 
20% ECF
40% ICF
Of the ECF-
5% IVF
15% ISF

Question 3

What is the cell membrane permeable to? Impermeable to?

Answer 3

Permeable- water

Impermeable- ions

Question 4

What is the capillary wall permeable to? Impermeable to?

Answer 4

Permeable- water, small ions

Impermeable- proteins

Question 5

What are the main backbone ions for the ICF, ECF, and IVF?

Answer 5

ICF- K+
ECF- Na+
IVF- Protein

Question 6

What does osmosis depend on?

Answer 6

Concentration gradient of ions

Question 7

True or False. There is osmotic equilibrium between the ICF and ECF?

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Which pump is important in maintaining the concentration gradient?

Answer 8

Na/K+ pump

Question 9

What happens to the RBC in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 9

Expands- hemolysis

Water moving in- swells

Question 10

What happens to the RBC in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 10

Shrinks

Water moving out of the RBC

Question 11

What is the approx osmolality in both ECF and ICF?

Answer 11

300 mOsm/kg

Question 12

Plasma proteins have a net ___________ charge at ph of 7.4, which drives fluid ______________ (especially in IVF).

Answer 12

Negative, inward

Question 13

What is the physiological osmotic pressure?

Answer 13

23 mmHg

Question 14

What is the most important determinant of colloid oncotic pressure?

Answer 14

Albumin

Question 15

What can occur in the case of hypoalbuminemia?

Answer 15

Edema

Question 16

What is hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 16

Pressure exerted by fluids due to their weight

Question 17

Hydrostatic pressure (agonizes/antagonizes) osmosis in the ICF and ECF during fluid shifts.

Answer 17

Antagonizes

Question 18

Does hydrostatic pressure drive fluid inward or outward?

Answer 18

Outwards

Question 19

Explain capillaries role in ECF movements.

Answer 19

Freely permeable to water and small solutes, but NOT to protein (ex: Albumin)

Question 20

True or False. There is a low protein gradient in the IVF vs ISF

Answer 20

False. High