Fluid Therapy - GI

Question 1

how to resuscitate a shocky horse

Answer 1

hypertonic saline 1 L - 1/4 shock dose and reassess - hypertonic saline 1 L - subtract shock fluids from % dehydrate and maintenance and give rest isotonic fluids

Question 2

isotonic crystalloid

Answer 2

LRS

Question 3

hypertonic crystalloid

Answer 3

7.2% NaCl

Question 4

natural non-oxygen carrying colloid

Answer 4

equine plasma

Question 5

synthetic non-oxygen carrying colloid

Answer 5

hetastarch

Question 6

natural oxygen carrying colloid

Answer 6

fresh whole blood

Question 7

max flow rate of fluids PR

Answer 7

5 ml/kg/hr

Question 8

shock dose

Answer 8

80-90 ml/kg

Question 9

flow rate of IVF is limited by

Answer 9

catheter size - gauge ex) 10G 18.7L/hr

Question 10

2 ways to give maintenance rate

Answer 10

can do CRI or boluses

Question 11

2 ways to account for insensible (cant measure) and sensible (may be able to measure) losses in fluid therapy

Answer 11

double or bump up maintenance at end of calculation

Question 12

least thrombogenic catheter

Answer 12

silastic

Question 13

clinical signs of (septic) thromboplebitis

Answer 13

focal pain, heat, discharge, inability ot distend jugular/ prominent

Question 14

signs of air emboli d/t damage/disconnected extension set

Answer 14

aggitation, perm neuro signs (blind), cardiac arrhythmias, sudden death

Question 15

systemically sick/hypoproteinemic horses have increased risk of ___ when giving IV fluid

Answer 15

acute renal injury

Question 16

natural colloid rxns

Answer 16

AB formation against donor cells

Question 17

immediate vs delay rxns form natural colloids

Answer 17

fever, tachy vs hemolysis

Question 18

synthetic colloid rnxs

Answer 18

changes to clotting and hemostasis

Question 19

circulatory collapse

Answer 19

risk - acute draining of pleural/abdom effusion. so maintain on IVF if draining lg amts fluid

Question 20

if sodium deficits are chronic =/> 3 days - don’t correct faster than ___

Answer 20

0.5 mmol/hr

Question 21

sodium changes what cause CNS signs

Answer 21

<120 or >160

Question 22

CNS signs from sodium issues

Answer 22

osmogenic demyelination syndrome
hyper: brain cells lyse
hypo: brain cells shrink

Question 23

dont admin potassium faster than ___

Answer 23

0.5 mEq/kg/hr

Question 24

hyperkalemia

Answer 24

> 6 mmol/L fatal cardiac arrhythmias

Question 25

hypokalemia

Answer 25

< 3 mEq/L muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias

Question 26

tetany occurs if TCA ___ or iCA ___

Answer 26

< 6 mg/dL, < 1 mmol/L

Question 27

3 causes of hypocalcemia and tx

Answer 27

GI dz, blister beetles, post partem mares. 23% Ca gluconate diluted or slow IV

Question 28

only bicarb supplement if

Answer 28

< 15 mEq/L

Question 29

bicarb formula

Answer 29

contact (0.3 adult, 0.5 foal) x BW x (25mmol/L - patients bicarb)

Question 30

tx metabolic alkalosis

Answer 30

0.9% NaCl

Question 31

foal maintenance

Answer 31

1st 10 kgs: 100 mL/kg/d - 2nd 10kgs: 50 mL/kg/day - every kg after: 25 mL/kg/day

Question 32

8-10% dehydrate

Answer 32

prolong skin tent, cool extremeties

Question 33

10-12% dehydrate

Answer 33

obtunded mentation, severe prolong skin tent, severe tachy

Question 34

>12% dehydrate

Answer 34

comatose, recumbant, severe tachy or brady

Question 35

> 10% dehydration risk

Answer 35

fatal if not rapid and aggressive tx