LAM 1 - LI

Question 1

4 hooks of colitis

Answer 1

fever, diarrhea, neutropenia, +/- hypoalbuminemia

Question 2

clinical signs of colitis are secondary to ___

Answer 2

severity of SIRS

Question 3

SIRS signs

Answer 3

muddy MM w/ toxic line, incr CRT and digital pulses, tachycardia, tachypnea, dehydration, peripheral edema

Question 4

abdom U/S

Answer 4

fluid in cecum and colon to thickened colon walls

Question 4

3 causes of diarrhea

Answer 4

increased peristalsis, more osmoles (protein) in GI, enterotoxins

Question 5

abdominocentesis

Answer 5

norm to signs of 2nd peritonitis - serosanguinous incr TP and WBCs

Question 6

treatment for fluids and protein loss

Answer 6

isotonic crystalloids (hypertonic if in shock 1st), supplement e-, TP < 4 or ALB < 2 treat with hyperimmune plasma or synthetic colloid

Question 6

treatment for inflam/pain

Answer 6

flunixin 0.25mg, firocoxib 0.3mg, polymyxin B, lidocaine CRI

Question 7

treatment for inflam/pain is contraindicated in

Answer 7

dehydrated patients

Question 8

treatment diet, laminitis, GI, thrombopleb

Answer 8

buffet of low bulk food, ice boots, omeprazole, clopidogrel

Question 9

which LI colitis is spread fecal-oral

Answer 9

salmonella, corona virus

Question 10

salmonella colitis predisposition

Answer 10

carriers w/o signs, stressed

Question 11

salmonella dx and tx

Answer 11

3 - fecal PCRs or 5 - fecal cultures 12-24hrs apart since intermittent spread, 3 wks quarantine

Question 12

clostridium history/signalment

Answer 12

ABX admin erythromycin, nosocomial infection, can still be norm occuring in healthy horse

Question 12

clostridium tx

Answer 12

metronidazole PO or PR - stop as soon as diarrhea stops

Question 12

clostridium signs

Answer 12

can cause severe enterocolitis - reflux and hemorrhagic diarrhea

Question 13

coronavirus signalment/signs

Answer 13

may just have fever, +/- resp signs, horses > 2 yrs in winter or foals w/ coinfection

Question 14

coronavirus dx

Answer 14

fecal PCR - signs seen 2-3d but shed 3-4d

Question 15

coronavirus tx and outcome

Answer 15

supportive care, high morbid low mortality

Question 16

potomac horse fever history/signalment

Answer 16

July-Oct, adult in endemic areas, laminitis, high fever

Question 17

mild vs severe potomax horse fever

Answer 17

mild - typhocolitis, cow patty feces
severe - watery diarrhea endotox laminitis

Question 18

potomac fever dx and tx

Answer 18

CS season and location but PCR or culutre in blood or feces. oxytetracycline respond 12 hrs, outcome best before CS onset

Question 19

potomac fever prevention

Answer 19

mayfly control +/- vaccine (may fail)

Question 20

larval cyathostomiasis

Answer 20

small strongyles, massive colonic inflam, larvicidal dewormer - fenbendazole 5 days or moxidectin 1 day

Question 21

sand enteropathy signs

Answer 21

focal inflam, sandy areas, healthy appetite despite weight loss

Question 22

sand enteropathy dx and tx

Answer 22

abdom x-ray or glove test, psyllium and/or MgSO4 5-7d w/ serial x-rays, +/- exploratory celiotomy but risk of colon rupture

Question 23

ABX vs NSAID induced colitis

Answer 23

ABX - whole colon, NSAID - ulcers R. dorsal colon

Question 23

cantharid tox signalment

Answer 23

alfalfa diet, mult horses, blister beetles, severe hypocalcemia, can look at GI contents or urine

Question 24

grain overload signalment, history, tx

Answer 24

excess carbs - lactate - diarrhea. SIRS and laminitis from start of dz. gastric lavage charcoal mineral oil