Fluids Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
What Two States of Matter Can Be Fluids
A
Liquids, Gas and Ice (See Later Slides)
2
Q
Why does a baby need more water than an adult
A
They Have an adult, and their kidneys are not as developed so they need more to avoid dehydration
3
Q
Matter takes up ___, and has ___
A
Takes up Space, and Has Weight
4
Q
Mass is
A
Weight
5
Q
Volume is
A
The area of 3D, amount of space a things takes up
6
Q
Particle Theory Of Matter: All Matter is Made Up Of
A
Particles
7
Q
Particle Theory of Matter: Particles have ___ in between them
A
Space
8
Q
PTOM: Particles move ________
A
Randomly all the time
9
Q
PTOM: Particles ____________________________ when heated
A
Move faster and spread apart
10
Q
PTOM: Particles _____ each other
A
attract
11
Q
PTOM: All particles in a pure substance are
A
identical
12
Q
Describe particles in a solid
A
Closer together, with stronger attraction
13
Q
Describe particles in a Liquid
A
Spread apart, Take shape of container
14
Q
Describe particles in a Gas
A
Free Flowing, because they are more spread out
15
Q
All particles have forces of ______ between them
A
Attraction
16
Q
There are greater _______ between particles in a liquid than a solid
A
spaces
17
Q
The shape of a liquid is determined by
A
the shape of the container
18
Q
When the temperature of a substance increases, the volume
A
increases
19
Q
When the temperature of a substance decreases, the volume
A
decreases
20
Q
What is laminar flow
A
A smooth Pattern of flow
21
Q
What is turbulent flow
A
Irregular, mixing pattern of flow, unpredictable
22
Q
What is an eddy
A
an area of slwer moving fluid which occurs behind an obstacle
23
Q
Is ice in glaciers fluid
A
Yes
24
Q
Define streamlined
A
A smooth shape designed to decrease resistance to flow
25
All Fluids: (4 answers)
Are made of particles
Are matter
Can flow
Have NO definite shape
26
Particles in a fluid are not as ____ as in a solid
compact or tight
27
Pros (1) Cons (1), laminar flow
P: predictable
C: sensitive to disturbances, can easily become turbulent
28
Pros (1), Cons (1), Turbular flow
P: good at mixing fluids
C: Unpredictable
29
Flow Rate Definition
Flow rate measures the speed at which a fluid flows from one point to another
30
Definition Viscosity
How easily particles slide past each other. The tickness or thiness of fluids is a property called viscosity. Viscosity is the resistance of fluids to flow.
31
Definition Cohesion
Measure of particle attraction
32
Definition surface tension
attraction of particles on the surface
33
Definition Adhesion
Attraction of particles of one substance to another
34
Viscosity affects the ______ of a fluid
Flow Rate
35
What is a wetting agent
A wetting agent uses viscosity to make the water disperse easier
36
If a fluid has a lower viscosity is if faster or slower
Faster
37
A fluid that is viscous is NOT
Runny
38
Internal friction definition
When particles in a substance have trouble moving past each other
39
If the temperature of a liquid increases, the viscosity _____ making the fluid _____
the viscosity decreases, making the liquid faster
40
If the temperature of a liquid decreases, the viscosity _____ making the fluid _____
the viscosity increases, making the liquid slower
41
If the temperature of a gas increases, the viscosity _____ making the fluid _____
the viscosity increases, making the gas slower
42
If the temperature of a gas decreases, the viscosity _____ making the fluid _____
the viscosity decreases, making the gas faster
43
Definition of Density
Compactness of particles, amount of mass contained in a given volume
44
Density can be affected by ____
Temperature
45
Density differs based on ______
Substance
46
Hot water _____, cold water ____
hot water rises, cold water sinks
47
Density depends on
Space between particles
48
If something is more dense than the fluid it's in it will
sink
49
______ has density
Everything
50
How do you calculate density
Mass divided by volume
51
What are the measurements for density Liquid
Grams and milliliters
52
What are the measurements for density Solid
Grams/Cm3 (cubed)
53
What are the measurements for density Gasses
Kilograms/Liter
54
Something with a gentler slope than the fluid it's in will ___
float
55
Something with a gentler slope means it is
Less Steep
56
Lower density makes something
Float
57
True or False: Cold water floats on warm water because it has a lower density
False
58
True or False: A substance can have different densities depending on temperature
True
59
True or False: As a substance warms the particles move farther and faster apart. This causes the volume to increas but the number of particles stays the same
True
60
With the same number of particles in a larger volume density goes down
True
61
A substance genrally has a lesser density in solid than liquid and gas
False
62
Which will sink in water: Wood, gasoline, aluminum, or rubbing alchohol
Aluminum
63
True or false: If the density of a substance is greater than the density of the fluid than the substance will sink
True
64
True or False: If the density of a substance is lower than the density of the fluid than the substance will float
True
65
True or False: If the density of a substance is the very same as the density of the fluid the substance will "hover" in place
True
66
True or False: If the density of a substance is the very same temperature has no effect on its density in other fluids
False
67
Force Definition
How is force measured
Force push or pull on objects. Newtons
68
Buoyancy Definition
Since gravity pulls down, buoyancy is the upward force that keeps things a float in liquids.
69
An object will float in a fluid if
Density is lower than the fluid. Buoyant force is pushing upwards pulling than gravity pushes down
70
An object will sink in a fluid if
Density is higher than the density of the fluid. Buoyant force pushing upwards, is less than gravity pulling down.
71
If the density of fluid is equal, and gravity and bouyancy is equal the substance will
Float
72
The water displaced is equal to the
volume of the object added to the water
73
Density of water
1.0 g/ml
74
Buoyancy is equal to
the force of the weight displaced
75
The amount an object weighs affects the
Amount of gravitational force (heavier=more)
76
Which is denser steel or water
Steel
77
Why can a steel ship float
The ship can float when it displaces water equal to it's weight. The ship is not made of solid steel, and has air; which is less dense then water. The ship is also buoyant. Because gravity is equal to the buoyancy the ship can stay afloat.
78
Displacement Definition
How much a fluid rises when and object is placed in it
79
What does the Archimedes principle do? Why is this helpful?
It allows you to find out density without volume. Which is useful because it is hard to calculate the volume of many objects.
80
JOKE: (GREAT STUDYING, MARK THIS CARD AS A 5 SO YOU WON'T HAVE TO KEEP STUDYING IT) Did you hear about the rancher who had 97 cows in his field
He rounded them up. He Had 100!
81
JOKE: (GREAT STUDYING, MARK THIS CARD AS A 5 SO YOU WON'T HAVE TO KEEP STUDYING IT) What did the fish say when it swam into the wall?
Dam!
82
What is a force
Push and pull force on a n object
83
What does the hull or haul of the boat do to keep it afloat? If the hull cracks what happens
It is wider to displace the maximum amount of water. The ship sinks
84
Explain the Colorful Bubbles Experiment?
Food coloring is a sd dense as water so it sank and dispersed when added second. When added after the oil it has to break through the barrier, then it quickly dispesed.
85
Explain the Dancing Raisins Experiment?
The Co2 in the club soda carried the raisins to the top. ANd the grooves allowed them to fill with water so the could float.
86
Explain the Floating Egg Experiment?
Salt water is more buoyant than fresh water, so when the salt was added there was more buoyancy so the egg could float.
87
Explain fish swim bladders
The swim bladder fills with air to rise, and releases the air to sink. It helps the fish make quick depth changes.
88
Explain how sharks and fish without swim bladders move up and down
Sharks: Have an oily liver which helps them float because oil is less dense than water. SHARKS MUST BE SWIMMING AT ALL TIMES SO THEY DON'T SINK!
Other Fish: Use pectoral fins and upwards motion. More tail movement=float, less=sink.
89
Explain how submarines rise and sink
Take in water sink, blow out water rise.
90
Pressure definition? Pressure changes when there is a change in ____ or ___?
amount of force applied to given area. Depth or Altitude.
91
Talk about the Earth in terms of pressure
THere is more room in the atmosphere so it is less dense, there is less pressure.
Deeper like water has more pressure.
92
What part of the body is affected by pressure? If a fluid is allowed to flow it goes where? Pressure is exerted by what all the time?
The middle ear. It goes from high pressure to low pressure (balloon). Air.
93
What is a Plimsoll Line
SHows how heavy it can be when loaded in water. So you can't go deeper than the line.
94
If there is an increase in temperature and the volume can't change what will happen
pressure will build until a possible explosion
95
When temperature increases air pressure
decreases
96
When the temperature increases particles
move faster and strike walls with more energy
97
As an object responds to pressure it is? What happens when something is under compression?
Under Compression. It deforms
98
There is more compression in ___ than ____. Why?
more in gas than liquid. There is very little compression in liquids.
Gas is more compressible than liquids. Both gases and liquids are made of particles. There is move space between gas particles so they can be pushed closer together.
99
Describe hydraulics
Closed pressurized system using liquids.
100
What does a hydraulic need? Compare to circulatory system?
Need: valve, pump, hydraulic fluid
Heart=pump
veins=valves
Blood=hydraulic fluid
101
What is a pneumatic system? What Does it Need?
A closed pressurized system using gasses
Need: Pump, syringe, pneumatic fluid
102
How does a syringe work?
Syringe create negative pressure.
