Fluids

Question 1

Extracellular fluid is divided between what two compartments?

Answer 1

Interstitial and intravascular compartments

Question 2

What is intracellular vs extracellular fluid and how much fluid does each hold?

Answer 2

Intracellular is fluid within the cell and makes up 2/3 or 40% (of 60%) water

Extracellular is fluid outside of the cell and makes up 1/3 or 20% water

Question 3

Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system occurs in response to what?

Answer 3

Decreased renal blood flow secondary to decreased arterial blood pressure.

The decreased firing of baroreceptors stimulates the sympathetic nervous system to re-establish normal blood pressure. Activation of the RAAS also contributes to increase circulating plasma volume and improve stroke volume.

Question 4

What is an osmole?

Answer 4

An amount of a substance that contributes to the osmotic pressure of a solution.

Question 5

Solutions of greater than how many milliosmoles should only be given through a central venous catheter?

Answer 5

600 mOSm

Question 6

What percent of extracellular water resides in the interstitial space?

Answer 6

75%

Question 7

What percent of extracellular water resides in the intravascular space?

Answer 7

25%

Question 8

Define and describe diffusion

Answer 8

The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration to equalize the concentration of solutes (aka dissolved substances in water).

It’s key to maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.

Question 9

Define colloid oncotic pressure