Fluids Flashcards
(18 cards)
The Particle Theory of Matter states that
1.All matter is made up of tiny particles.
2.Particles are always in motion.
3.Particles have space between them.
4.Adding heat makes particles move faster and spread apart.
5.Particles are attracted to each other.
What is a Fluid?
A fluid is any substance that can flow and take the shape of its container.
What Is Laminar Flow?
Laminar Flow: Smooth and regular movement in parallel lines.
What is Turbulent Flow?
Turbulent Flow: Irregular, chaotic flow with mixing and swirling
What Is Streamlined?
The shape of an object is designed to reduce resistance to fluid flow
What Are Aerodynamics?
A shape that reduces air resistance (drag) to move efficiently.
What is Drag?
The resistance force that opposes an object’s motion through a fluid
What Is Viscosity?
Viscosity is a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow (force of attraction)
What Is Density?
Density is the amount of mass per unit volume (Density = Mass / Volume).
What Is Buoyancy?
Buoyancy is the upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes gravity.
What Is Ballast?
Ballast is weight added to ships or submarines to control buoyancy and stability.
How Does Temperature Affect Viscosity?
Heating a liquid decreases its viscosity (it flows faster), while cooling increases viscosity.
How Does Temperature Affect Density?
Increasing temperature decreases density (particles spread apart), while decreasing temperature increases density.
How Does Temperature Affect Buoyancy?
A fluid that is heated becomes less dense, decreasing buoyancy (e.g., ship)
Hydraulics (Liquids)
Hydraulics use liquids (usually oil or water) under pressure to move objects (e.g., car brakes, excavators).
Pneumatics (Gas/Air)
Pneumatics use compressed air or gas to create movement (e.g., air brakes, dentist drills).
Where Do We use Fluids Under Pressure
-Transportation: Airplane wings use air (a fluid) to create lift.
-Medicine: IV drips use fluid flow to deliver medicine to the body.
-Engineering: Hydraulic lifts, oil pipelines, and cooling systems all depend on fluid mechanics.
How Does Density, Buoyancy and Ballast Affect Hot Air Balloons?
When the burner heats the air inside the balloon, it expands and becomes less dense than the surrounding cold air, making it buoyant which lifts the balloon.
Ballast controls altitude by adding or removing weight.
