Fluids

Question 1

Which two age groups have a decreased ability to regulate fluid?

Answer 1

Infants (70%-80% of body H20) and
Elderl (50% H20)

Question 2

Which gender has more body water & why?

Answer 2

Men, because they have fewer fat cells (average 60% of body weight is water)

Question 3

2% loss of body fluid is a _______ deficit

Answer 3

mild

Question 4

=/>8% loss of body fluid is a ________ deficit

Answer 4

severe

Question 5

A moderate deficit of body fluid loss is __%

Answer 5

5%

Question 6

What is a good indicator of fluid loss or gain?

Answer 6

sudden weight loss or gain

Question 7

How would you measure fluid loss?

Answer 7

1 L of fluid weight ==> 1 kg or 2.2 lbs

Question 8

Substances that break up in solution into electrically charged particles are called

Answer 8

ions

Question 9

The unit of measure used to express the combining power of cations with anions is

Answer 9

mEq

Question 10

If the level of Na in the blood is 140 mEq/L, how many cations are available to combine with anions for each Liter of blood?

Answer 10

140 anions

Question 11

What are 3 main fluid compartments of the body

Answer 11

Intracellular (67%)
Extracellular (25%)
Intravascular (8%)

Question 12

What is an osmolality measurement in urine used to determine?

Answer 12

Renal function & hydration

Question 13

Intracellular mean?

Answer 13

In the cell

Question 14

Extracellular is?

Answer 14

interstitial space

Question 15

Intravascular is?

Answer 15

In the blood vessel

Question 16

What is the easiest way for water to pass through the different compartments?

Answer 16

Osmosis

Question 17

Osmosis

Answer 17

water movement across a semi-permeable membrane from a low solute concentration to a high solute concentration

Question 18

What areas comprise ECF?

Answer 18

Intravascular fluid
Interstitial
Transcellular

Question 19

Interstitial is

Answer 19

around the cells and lymph

Question 20

Intravascular osmolality

Answer 20

about 300 or 285-295 mOsm/kg

Question 21

Diffusion

Answer 21

Diffusion moves solutes from high concentration to low concentration

Question 22

Filtration

Answer 22

Filtration is moving fluids from high pressure to low pressure, which is hydrostatic pressure

Question 23

Average urine output

Answer 23

Average output is around 60 mL/hr or 1500 mL/day

Question 24

What amount of urine would be indicative of kidney failure?

Answer 24

Less than 30 mL/hr could be kidney damage

Question 25

Colloidal fluids contain..

Answer 25

Large molecules that are unable to pass through capillary membranes. Plasma or volume expanders remain in the vessels with circulating volume.

Question 26

Adrenal glands secrete?

Answer 26

Aldosterone

Question 27

Aldosterone pro.otes what in the kidneys?

Answer 27

Na reabsorption in exchange for K+ and H+ excretion

Question 28

Normal fluid loss of lungs

Answer 28

300-400 mL

Question 29

Normal fluid loss of skin

Answer 29

600 mL

Question 30

Normal fluid loss of GI tract

Answer 30

100-200 mL

Question 31

Functions of body fluids

Answer 31

Transportation of nutrients into cells Carry waste products from the cell A medium for chemical reaction

Question 32

Explain why infants need to take in a lot of fluid, and why they are at high risk of dehydration if they lose a lot of fluid (through vomiting and/or diarrhea).

Answer 32

Infants have a proportionally higher body water percentage, higher fluid requirements, higher body surface area, and lower intracellular fluid volume than adults, all of which make them more prone to dehydration. If the infant is unable to adequately take in enough fluids due to vomiting, dehydration can happen rapidly.

Question 33

A patient has a severe fluid deficit caused by hypovolemia. Which fluid should the nurse expect to be prescribed for this patient?

Answer 33

Fluids are replaced in an attempt to restore what is lost. Fluids lost secondary to excessive diuresis, perspiration, inadequate intake, or insensible water losses are replaced by crystalloids.

Question 34

A patient is experiencing a fluid imbalance caused by excessive blood loss. Which fluid should the nurse expect to be prescribed for this patient?

Answer 34

Blood loss is replaced with blood transfusions, albumins, or other large-molecule protein solutions (colloids).