Fluids And Electrolytes

Question 1

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

Answer 1

Found outside the cells and accounts for 1/3 of the total body fluid

Question 2

Intravascular fluid or plasma

Answer 2

Accounts for approximately 20% of ECF and is found in the vascular system

Question 3

Other components of ECF

Answer 3

The lymph and transcellular fluids

Question 4

Transcellular fluids are

Answer 4

Cerebrospinal, pericardial, pancreatic, pleural, intraocular, biliary, peritoneal, and synovial fluids

Question 5

Interstitial fluid

Answer 5

Accounts for 75% of the ECF and surrounds the cells

Question 6

Intercellular fluid contains

Answer 6

Oxygen, electrolytes, and glucose

Question 7

EFC is the transport system that Carries….

Answer 7

Oxygen and nutrients to and waste products from body cells

Question 8

Interstitial fluid transport…

Answer 8

Wastes from cells by the way of the lymph system as well as directly into the blood plasma through capillaries

Question 9

Water is vital to health and normal cellular function serving as

Answer 9

A medium for metabolic reactions in cells

A transport for nutrients waste products and other substances

A lubricant
And insulator and shock absorber

A means of regulating a maintaining body temperature

Question 10

Electrolytes

Answer 10

Sodium chloride breaks up into one ion of sodium Na+ and one ion of chloride CL- these charges particles are called electrolytes

Question 11

Cations

Answer 11

Have a positive charge

Eg- sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium

Question 12

Anions

Answer 12

Have a negative charge

Eg- chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, and sulfate

Question 13

The principal electrolytes in ECF

Answer 13

Sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate

Question 14

Primary cations and anions of ICF

Answer 14

Cations: potassium and magnesium

Anions: phosphate and sulfate

Question 15

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

Answer 15

Found within the cells of the body. Constitutes 2/3 of the total body fluid in adults

Question 16

Solutes

Answer 16

Substances dissolved in liquid

Question 17

Crystalloids

Answer 17

Salts that dissolve readily into true solutions

Question 18

Colloids

Answer 18

Substances such as large protein molecules that do not readily dissolve into true solutions

Question 19

Solvent

Answer 19

The component of a solution that can dissolve solute

Question 20

Isotonic solution

Answer 20

Has the same osmolality as ECF

Normal saline 0.9% sodium chloride

Question 21

Hypertonic solution

Answer 21

Has a higher osmolality than ECF

Eg- 3%.sodium chloride

Question 22

Hypotonic solutions

Answer 22

Has a lower osmolality than ECF

Eg- 0.45% sodium chloride

Question 23

Osmotic pressure

Answer 23

The power of a solution to pull water across a semipermeable membrane

Question 24

Explain osmotic pressure

Answer 24

Infusing a hypertonic solution such as 3% sodium chloride will pull fluid out of red blood cells and into plasma causing the cells to shrink.

A hypotonic solution will cause the RBC to swell as water is pulled into the cells by their higher osmotic pressure

Question 25

Movement of body fluids

Answer 25

Diffusion Osmosis Filtration Active transport

Question 26

Sodium

Answer 26

135-145 mEq Contributes to serum osmolality

Question 27

Chloride

Answer 27

95-108 mEq | Contributed to serum osmolality

Question 28

Calcium

Answer 28

``` 8.5-10.5 mg/dl Neuromuscular function ( including cardiac) ```

Question 29

Bicarbonate

Answer 29

22-26 mmol/L | Acid base balance

Question 30

Phosphate

Answer 30

2.5-4.5 mEq/L | Metabolism of protein, fat, and carbohydrates

Question 31

Potassium

Answer 31

3.5-5.0mEq | Muscle activity

Question 32

Magnesium

Answer 32

1.5-2.5 mEq Regulate muscle

Question 33

Most common electrolyte imbalances

Answer 33

Sodium Potassium Calcium Magnesium

Question 34

Sodium imbalances

Answer 34

Hyponatremia and hypernatremia

Question 35

Hyponatremia

Answer 35

Deficiency of sodium in relation to water Loss of sodium Gain of water SIADH

Question 36

Hyponatremia clinical manifestation

Answer 36

Serum sodium

Question 37

Hyponatremia nursing interventions

Answer 37

``` Monitor I&O Daily weight Lung sounds Skin turbot Monitor neuro status Seizure precautions Mild restrict fluid ```

Question 38

hypernatremia

Answer 38

Excess of sodium relative relative to body water Causes loss of water

Question 39

Hypernatremia clinical manifestation

Answer 39

``` Serum sodium >145mEq/L Restlessness, fatigue Decreased LOC Weakness Convulsions Disorientated Dry and sticky membranes ```

Question 40

Hypernatremia nursing interventions

Answer 40

``` Assess, replenish, restore Monitor vital signs Monitor neuro status Assess skin and mucus membranes Encourage oral intake ```

Question 41

Potassium imbalances

Answer 41

Hypokalemia Hyperkalemia

Question 42

Potassium functions

Answer 42

Maintain intracellular osmolality Transmit nerve impulses Regulate cardiac impulse transmission and muscle contraction Skeletal and smooth muscle function Regulate acid balance

Question 43

Hypokalemia clinical manifestation

Answer 43

``` Skeletal muscle weakness Cardiac dysrhythmias Leg cramps Weak pulse, orthostatic hypotension Decreased bowel sounds ```

Question 44

Hypokalemia treatment and nursing interventions

Answer 44

Treatment- treat underlying cause Potassium supplements Nursing interventions- asses heart rate and rhythm PO potassium IV potassium