Fluids and Electrolytes Part 1 Flashcards
Define homeostasis
State of equilibrium in body and is naturally maintained by the body.
What are 2 compartments of the body?
1) Intracellular compartment fluid (ICF) : inside of the cell
2) Extracellular compartment fluid (ECF): outside of the cell
What are the 4 layers of the extracellular compartments?
1) Intravascular fluid or blood
2) Interstitial fluid or intercellular fluid
3) Lymph
4) Transcellular fluid
Plasma is what kind of fluid?
ECF
Where is most amount of fluid intercellular or extracellular?
ICF
What is the best way to measure fluid loss in a human?
Body weight changes
How much is 1L in kg and lbs?
1L of fluid = 1kg = 2.2lbs
When is the best time to weigh a patient?
Morning
True or false? The leaner you are the more water you carry
True. More fat = less water
Where is most water absorbed in the body?
intestines
What percentage of the body is water?
60%
What are cations and anions?
Cations = positive
Anions = negative
What electrolytes is mostly found in the ICF?
- Main cation is K (Potassium)
- Main anions is PO4
What electrolyte is mostly found in the ECF?
- Main cation is Na (sodium)
- Main anion is Cl (Chlorine)
What are the 4 methods of controlling fluid?
1) Diffusion
2) Facilitated diffusion
3) Active transport
4) Osmosis
Define diffusion
Movement of molecules from high to low concentration
Define facilitated diffusion
Movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy but required protein carrier molecule. Ex: glucose moving into the cell
fluid movement in the capillaries is determined by which 4 factors?
1) Capillary hydrostatic pressure: pressure of blood in the capillaries against the capillary wall
2) Plasma oncotic pressure: if concentration is high in the plasma and low in interstitial, plasma oncotic pressure will pull fluid into the capillary 3) Interstitial hydrostatic pressure: pressure in the interstitial. This pressure works greatly when theres lots of fluid in the interstitial than in the capillaries. this pressure works by drawing the fluid back into the capillaries 4) Interstitial oncotic pressure: if the plasma has less concentration, the interstitum has high, the interstitial oncotic pressure will pull fluid into the interstitial because osmosis moved from low concentration to high
Which 2 methods take water out of the capillaries?
1) Capillary hydrostatic pressure
2) Interstitial oncotic pressure
Which 2 methods take water into the capillaries?
1) Plasma oncotic pressure
2) Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
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Which end of the capillaries have the highest pressure?
arterial end at an hydrostatic pressure of 40mm Hg. venous end is lower at 10 mm Hg
How does edema occur?
When there’s a fluid shift: plasma to interstitial fluid
1) elevation of hydrostatic pressure
2) Decrease in plasma oncotic pressure
3) Elevation of interstitial oncotic pressure
How do we get rid of this fluid buildup causing edema?
With a fluid shift from interstitial fluid to plasma
- How? By using compression socks which increases the tissue hydrostatic pressure
