Fluids and Lytes Flashcards
A nurse is caring for a client and the sodium level is 130mmol/l on the report. the nurse understands that which client is at highest risk for development of sodium value at this level? A: Renal failure B: taking loop diuretics C: hyperaldosterone D: decreased fluid intake
B: taking loops
option D means they are dehydrated and sodium would be higher.
Renal failure is hanging onto water and sodium.
Suspected diagnosis of hypocalcemia. which of the following clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to note in the client A: twitching B: negative trousseau C: hypoactive bowels D: hypoactive deep tendon reflexes
A: twitching
- more calcium is in the cell with hypocalcemia (hypo meaning less, calc meaning calcium, emia meaning blood)
patient at risk for fluid excess. which findings indicate that the patient has fluid volume excess? A: increased bounding pulse B: jugular vein distention when supine C: diminished peripheral pulse D: respiratory cackles E: excessive thirst F: elevated blood pressure G: orthostatic hypotension H: increasing peripheral edema
A,B,D,F,H
the older adult at risk for fluid an electrolyte problems is monitored by nurse for FIRST indication of fluid balance problem. what is the indication? A: Dry mucous membrane B: mental status change C: poor skin turgor D: fever
B: when you think brain think Na: where H2O goes sodium follows.
what is the most significant consequence and clinical manifestation for the client who does not meet the obligatory urine output?
A: increased thirst with dry mucous membranes
B: lethal electrolyte imbalances and acidosis
C: bradycardia and decreased nitrogen level
D: increased salivation and alkalosis
B: lethal electrolyte imbalances and acidosis
No pee: not thirsty and imbalance with K+
it would be tachycardia and increased nitrogen
decreased salivation and acidosis
which type of IV fluid should be administered to a client with low blood pressure due to shock? A: none B: isotonic C: hypotonic D: hypertonic
B: isotonic
- 9: it will go into the cell and blood
hypotonic: less than 0.9; cell dehydration water from the IV will go into the IC (alcohol)
hypertonic: goes into the vein, water from IC to IV
how is is possible with hypernatremia to have increased blood pressure in one situation and orthostatic hypotension in another situation?
increase Na and increase BP: hypervolemia and hypernatremia: LOTS OF SALTY FOOD AND LOTS OF FLUID
increase Na and orthostatic hypotension: hypovolemia and hypernatremia: increase Na due to not drinking enough water
Administering potassium chloride IV to client with HYPOKALEMIA. the nursing instructor determines that the student is unprepared for this procedure if the student says which of the following:
A: obtaining controlled IV infusion pump
B: monitoring using output during administration
C: diluting in appropriate normal saline
D: preparing the medication for bolus administration
D: preparing medication for bolus administration
the nurse is caring for several clients with electrolyte imbalances. which condition may require the patient to be put on seizure precautions A: hyperphosphatemia B: hypercalcemia C: hypocalcemia D: hypokalemia
C: hypocalcemia
- calcium low in the blood so cell is more positive and excitable
What is a common cause of respiratory alkalosis
hyperventilation (losing acid) panic attack
nurse reading notes in clients records and reads that the physician documented insensible fluid loss approximately 800ml/day. this type of fluid loss can occur through: A: skin B: urinary output C: wound drainage D: GI tract
A: skin
