Fluids & Electrolytes

Question 1

BODY FLUIDS:

ADULTS: _______ % of total body weight is water

INFANTS:________% of total body weight is water

Answer 1

ADULTS: 50% to 60%

INFANTS: 75% to 80 %

Question 2

_______ of body fluid is intracellular (ICF)

_______ of body fluid is extracellular (EXF)

Answer 2

2/3 of body fluid is ICF

1/3 of body fluid is ECF

Question 3

Normal Serum Osmolality values

Answer 3

285 — 295

Question 4

What is serum osmolality?

Answer 4

^{<em><strong>The measurement of the amount of dissolved chemicals</strong></em>}

^{<em><strong>in the serum </strong></em>}(the liquid part of the blood).

EXAMPLE:

^{<em>Hypernatremia </em>_{<em>(high blood sodium) </em>}<em>would be</em>}

^{<em>an example of high osmolality.</em>}

Question 5

• When caring for a patient with a fluid volume deficit you must*
• maintain Strict I&0. Output should be at least ______________*

Answer 5

0.5 mL / kg / hour

Question 6

ISOTONIC FLUID:

• INDICATION
• CHARACTERISTICS
• SOLUTIONS

Answer 6

1. INDICATION:
   
   1. ^{Tx of vascular system fluid deficit}
2. CHARACTERISTICS:
   
   1. ^{Concentration is equal to that of the plasma}
   2. ^{Prevents fluid shifting between the compartments (ICF & ECF)}
3. SOLUTIONS
   
   1. ^{Normal Saline (NSS) (0.9% NaCl)}
   2. ^{Lactated Ringers (LR)}
   3. ^{Dextrose 5% in Water (D5W)}

Question 7

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

1. INDICATION
2. CHARACTERISTICS
3. SOLUTIONS

Answer 7

1. INDICATION
   
   1. ^{Tx of Intracellular Dehydration}
2. CHARACTERISTICS
   
   1. ^{Lower Osmolality than the ECF}
   2. ^{Shifts fluid from ECF to ICF (causes cell to swell up)}
3. SOLUTIONS
   
   1. ^{Half Strength Normal Saline (0.45% NaCl)}
   2. ^{1/3 Strength Normal Saline (0.33% NaCl)}
   3. ^{1/4 Strength nomal saline (0.225% NaCl)}
   4. ^{2.5% Dextrose in 0.45% NSS (D_{<span>2.5</span>} 45%NS)}

Question 8

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

1. INDICATIONS
2. CHARACTERISTICS
3. SOLUTIONS

Answer 8

1. INDICATIONS:
   
   1. ^{used<u> ONLY w</u>hen serum osmolality is critically LOW}
2. CHARACTERISTICS:
   
   1. ^{Osmolality higher than the ECF}
   2. ^{Shift fluids from ICF to the ECF}
3. SOLUTIONS
   
   1. ^{10% dextrose in water (D₁₀W)}
   2. ^{50% dextrose in water (D₅₀W)}
   3. ^{5% dextrose in 0.9% NS (D₅NS)}
   4. ^{5% dextrose in 0.45% saline (D₅W in 0.45% NaCl)}
   5. ^{5% dextrose in lactated ringers (D₅LR)}

Question 9

Which electrolytes are

“INTRACELLULAR”

Answer 9

1. POTASSIUM
2. PHOSPHORUS
3. MAGNESIUM

Question 10

Which electrolytes are

“EXTRACELLULAR”

Answer 10

1. Sodium
2. Calcium
3. Chloride
4. Bicarbonate

Question 11

1 kg of weight = _______ of water

Answer 11

1 L