Fluids & Gases

Question 1

Phrenic nerve paralysis necessitates:

Answer 1

Inspiration must be supported, but expiration may remain unassisted

Question 2

Surface tension (joules per square meter)

Answer 2

Glycerol - H-bonding with itself (individual molecules do not play a role, it is only a factor of intermolecular forces)

Question 3

Based on the Venturi effect, if a kidney stone is partially blocking the ureter, how are the velocity and hydrostatic pressure of urine affected as it passes through the point of the blockage?

Answer 3

Velocity increases (to maintain continuity) and hydrostatic pressure decreases (to conserve mechanical energy); affecting the cross-sectional area

Question 4

Liver tissue vs. stomach tissue (fluids)

Answer 4

The liver is more involved in the metabolism of many organic compounds, including oxidation by CYP450

Question 5

What IMF are present in a proline solution?

Answer 5

Hydrogen bonds, ion-dipole forces, dispersion forces, and dipole-dipole forces

Question 6

Blood flows with a speed of 30 cm/s along a horizontal tube with a cross-section diameter of 1.6 cm. What is the blood flow speed in the part of the same tube that has a diameter of 0.8 cm?

Answer 6

The flow is characterized by the continuity equation because no amount of blood is lost between the two locations. The continuity equation is 30 cm/s × π × ((1.6 cm)/2)^2 = v × π × ((0.8 cm)/2)^2. Solving for v yields v = 4 × 30 cm/s = 120 cm/s.